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作 者 ：许益镌,曾玲*,陆永跃,梁广文

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 11期 页码：5791~5798

关键词：红火蚁；觅食；多样性；弃尸堆；

Keywords:Solenopsis invicta, forage, diversity, refuse piles,

摘 要 ：通过对红火蚁弃尸堆进行收集、整理、鉴定和分析，研究了自然条件下华南地区典型生境中红火蚁食物结构的季节性变化。结果表明：红火蚁弃尸堆中主要包括了8个目的昆虫和种子共41个种类。其中鞘翅目Coleoptera昆虫的出现频率最高，在4个生境荔枝园、苗圃、荒地、公路路边中分别为69.05%、41.7%、51.8%和66.67%；同翅目Homoptera昆虫出现频率最低，只在荒地中发现占1.20%。其余依次为膜翅目Hymenoptera(14.92%)、半翅目Hemiptera(11.96%)、种子(11.66%)、直翅目Orthoptera(2.08%)、鳞翅目Lepidoptera(0.60%)、等翅目Isoptera(0.60%)和蜻蜓目Odonata(0.60%)。弃尸堆中的昆虫碎片以成虫为主，蛹和幼虫较少。不同生境弃尸堆内红火蚁觅食对象的种类虽然较为接近，但在组成与数量上存在差异，其相似度不高。弃尸堆中红火蚁觅食对象的种类和碎片数随着时间呈现明显的变动，上半年的4、5月份和下半年9、10月份红火蚁的觅食到的对象多样性丰富，这两个阶段属于觅食活跃期。

Abstract:Refuse piles of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invcta Buren, were collected from four typical habitats in South China: litchi orchard, nursery, wasteland and roadside, and analyzed to learn seasonal food content fluctuation of this ant. The result showed that the refuse piles had a wide variety of solid particles including 41 species of insect fragments and seeds from 8 orders in total. Coleopterans were the dominant components in all of the habitats accounting 69.05%, 417%, 51.8% and 66.67% in litchi orchard, nursery, wasteland and roadside respectively. Homoptera was the least common preys which was only found in the wasteland composing 1.20％. The Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, seeds, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Isoptera and Odonata preys comprised 14.92, 11.96, 11.66, 2.08, 0.60, 0.60 and 0.60%, respectively. Adult fragments were the main parts in refuse piles with few insect larval or pupal fragments found. The numbers of prey species discovered in refuse piles were similar among habitats, but the composition of the species and their quantity were different. It showed obvious seasonal fluctuations of the forage items with two foraging active periods occurring from April to May and from September to October.

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