---

作 者 ：叶胜兰 徐福利 王渭玲 刘倩雯

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 2期 页码：370-378

关键词：梨枣；有机肥；生理生长；水分利用；果实品质；

Keywords:pear-jujube, organic fertilizer, physiological growth, water use efficiency, fruit quality,

摘 要 ：采用田间试验，研究了黄土丘陵区山地滴灌条件下施用不同有机肥对矮化密植梨枣生长生理、 水分利用和果实品质的影响。结果表明，施用有机肥后，枣吊、 叶面积和叶绿素含量均与不施肥对照（CK）有显著差异（P<005）。施大豆饼肥（SC）的枣吊和叶面积分别达到20.17 cm和1246 mm²/leaf，比对照提高了34.00%和44.46%，各施肥处理的叶面积指数（LAI）和冠层光截获密度均与CK的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），各处理的LAI的大小顺序为沼肥（BM）>常规化肥（CF）>羊粪（SM）>大豆饼肥（SC）>CK。施用有机肥提高了梨枣的净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs），其中BM处理的达到最大，分别为22.38 μmol/(m²·s)和0.5014 mmol/(m²·s)。施有机肥后，SC处理的瞬时水分利用效率最高达到3.30%，较CK提高了129个百分点，且SC的土壤含水量显著高于CK和CF处理。施用有机肥可显著提高梨枣的果实产量，SC、 SM和BM处理较CK分别提高了138.52%、 49.57%和75.90%； 各有机肥处理显著改善了果实营养品质，SC处理的果实含水量较CK增加了9.15个百分点，显著高于CK，各处理的可溶性固形物、 固酸比、 Vc和总黄酮含量等指标均高于CK，可滴定酸的含量表现为CK>SM>BM>SC。说明在陕北黄土丘陵区施用有机肥可有效促进矮化密植梨枣的生长发育、 提高产量，并显著改善果实品质，其中以饼肥效果最显著。

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizer application on growth, water use efficiency and nutritional quality of fruits of pear-jujube in the Loess Plateau. The results show that compared with the control treatment (CK), the bearing branch, leaf area and chlorophyll contents of different fertilizer treatments are significantly different (P<0.05), and the jujube hanging and leaf area under the soybean cake fertilizer(SC) treatment are 20.17 cm and 1246 mm²/leaf which are increased by 34.00% and 44.46% respectively. Compared with the CK the leaf area index (LAI) and density of canopy light interception of each treatment are significantly different (P<0.05) and the order is biogas manure (BM)>chemical fertilizer(CF)> sheep manure (SM) > soybean cake fertilizer(SC) >CK. The photosynthetic  rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance(Gs) are improved, and the maxima of Pn and Gs are 22.38 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.5014 mmol/(m²·s) respectively under the BM treatment. The instantaneous water use efficiency of SC is up to 3.30% under the different fertilization which is increased by 1.29 percent point compared with the CK. The soil water content of the SC treatment is increased significantly under all organic fertilization. The yields are all increased significantly, and the yields are increased by 138.52%, 49.57% and 75.90% under the soybean cake fertilizer, sheep manure and biogas manure respectively. The nutritional quality of fruit is increased significantly. The water content of the SC treatment is increased significantly by 9.15 percent point compared with the CK. The nutritive indexes such as total soluble solids (TSS)，total soluble solids/titrable acids (TSS/TA),  vitamin C and total flavones are increased compare with the CK, and the titrable acidity (TA) contents are BM>CF>SM>SC>CK. In general, the organic fertilization can effectively promotes the growth, development, yield and fruit quality of pear-jujube in the Loess Plateau and the effect of the soybean cake fertilizer is the most significant.

---