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作 者 ：苏有健 廖万有 丁勇 王宏树 夏先江

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 6期 页码：1430-1436

关键词：茶叶；氮素营养水平；产量；品质；

Keywords:tea, nitrogen nutrition level, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：采用田间试验，研究了年施纯N 90 kg/hm²、180 kg/hm²、360 kg/hm²、720 kg/hm² 4种不同氮素营养水平对茶叶干物质产量和品质的影响。结果表明，氮肥对茶叶的干物质产量和品质有明显的影响，合理的施氮量能显著提高茶叶产量并改善其品质。所有处理中，年施纯N 360 kg/hm²获得了最高干物质产量，超过这一施肥量，产量便开始下降。在同一基础肥力土壤条件下，茶叶干物质产量表现为随施氮量的加大先增加后降低，呈抛物线趋势。品质结果分析显示施用适量氮肥能明显提高茶叶中的游离氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量，而茶多酚含量降低; 茶树叶片中的叶绿素含量也呈升高趋势。在4种施肥水平条件下，茶叶增产幅度为19.59%、25.19%，平均22.39%; 茶叶品质成分，特别是游离氨基酸含量有明显提高。

Abstract:The field trials were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen(N) nutrition levels on dry matter yield and quality of tea. There were four levels of N application, N 90,180,360 and 720 kg/ha. The results indicate that there are obvious effects of different N levels on tea yield and quality, a rational N level could remarkably increase tea yield and improve nutrition quality. Tea yield would not increase when the nitrogen application rate is above N 360 kg/ha. The apparent recovery efficiency and agronomic of nitrogen fertilizer are constantly decreased with increasing of rate of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same basal fertility soils, tea yields are all increased first and dropped later along the increase of N application rates, and there is a parabola relationship between the yields and N application rates.The highest tea yield is obtained by the treatment of N 360 kg/ha. The results of quality analysis show that a suitable N nutrition level could improve the contents of free amino acids, caffeine and water extracts in tea, and chlorophyll contents in leaves, while the contents of tea polyphenols are decreased. The tea yields are increased by 19.59％-25.19％ with an average of 22.39％ under the four treatments. The tea quality components are also increased, especially free amino acids in tea shoots.

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