免费文献传递   相关文献

Identification of Taxodium Hybrids by SRAP Analysis

用SRAP标记鉴定落羽杉属植物杂种


Abstract: In this paper,the authenticity of 4 reciprocal progenies from Taxodium distichum and T. mucronatum was identified by SRAP (Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism) markers. Firstly, 48 SRAP primer combinations were randomly selected and polymorphism primers between two parents (T. distichum and T. mucronatum ) were selected. As a result, all primers amplifid clear bands, and 29 primers had polymorphism bands of two parents, accounted for 60.4% of all primers, and 14 primer combinations with specific bands both two samples. Authenticity of 4 progenies from T. distichum and T. mucronatum was identified by 12 polymorphism primer combinations selected from above 29 polymorphism primer combinations. The results showed that 4 progenies were all identified to be true hybrids owing to their specific bands from male parent. Among the primer combinations, Me9+Em10 produced specific bands of both male parent and female parent in every progeny, that is to say, with this one primer combination alone, the status of 4 progenies can be identified. Efficiency of molecule identification were much improved. The results of hybrids identification provided a solid evidence for the hybrids further study and application. The experimental results also proved that SRAP molecular marker technology can be effectively applied in the researches on Taxodium.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
# $ $ %$ # %
& ’ ( )
&’()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(’,)
./01!"**/1#
2345*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
# $ $ %
‘ &6,7.)*qy+?%tn1.
zR{ ^|} ~S)
<0QUg1=()@6E>?A$%&* $5z%.&6,797’6.P~7|
’()*+#&:8;1!89:#*#$$; = $# = ##&
;<=>*0QUaAB<^’M>?=><>?#$$:@8;M.=B&’C6E*G~x_m(J6E*G~;_Dlf[0G~Zgg=>
<#$$:$8$M.0QU&’g=+7=><0ABC#$$:$#M&
!"#$%&’&()%&*$ *’ !"#$%&’( +,-.&"/ -, 0123 2$)4,/&/
DE ’FG/HEGIH DJI DEI0/IH KE LJGIFEG
< !"#$%$&$’ () *($+",*-%+".#& /0(1%"2’ +"3 45%"’#’ 62+3’7, () 82%’"2’# 9+":%". #8$$8!M
2-/%.)(%* (I MFJB NGN3O*MF3 GEMF3IMJPJMA /Q ! O3PJNO/PG0 NO/H3IJ3B QO/R ;+<(3%&7 3%#$%25&7 GIS ; 5 7&20("+$&7 TGB JS3IMJQJ3S
4A &6,7<&3UE3IP39O30GM3S ,RN0JQJ3S 7/0AR/ONFJBRMRGOV3OB 5 2JOBM0A*!; &6,7 NOJR3O P/R4JIGMJ/IB T3O3 OGIS/R0A B303PM3S
GIS N/0AR/ONFJBR NOJR3OB 43MT33I MT/ NGO3IMB< ; 5 3%#$%25&7 GIS ; 5 7&20("+$&7MT3O3 B303PM3S5 ,B G O3BE0M*G00 NOJR3OB
GRN0JQJS P03GO 4GISB*GIS #% NOJR3OB FGS N/0AR/ONFJBR 4GISB /Q MT/ NGO3IMB*GPP/EIM3S Q/O <$1!W /Q G00 NOJR3OB*GIS 8! NOJR3O
P/R4JIGMJ/IB TJMF BN3PJQJP 4GISB 4/MF MT/ BGRN03B 5 ,EMF3IMJPJMA /Q ! NO/H3IJ3B QO/R ; 5 3%#$%25&7 GIS ; 5 7&20("+$&7 TGB
JS3IMJQJ3S 4A 8# N/0AR/ONFJBR NOJR3O P/R4JIGMJ/IB B303PM3S QO/R G4/X3 #% N/0AR/ONFJBR NOJR3O P/R4JIGMJ/IB 5 +F3 O3BE0MB
BF/T3S MFGM ! NO/H3IJ3B T3O3 G00 JS3IMJQJ3S M/ 43 MOE3 FA4OJSB /TJIH M/ MF3JO BN3PJQJP 4GISB QO/R RG03 NGO3IM 5 ,R/IH MF3 NOJR3O
P/R4JIGMJ/IB*Y3% Z )R8$ NO/SEP3S BN3PJQJP 4GISB /Q 4/MF RG03 NGO3IM GIS Q3RG03 NGO3IM JI 3X3OA NO/H3IA*MFGM JB M/ BGA*TJMF
MFJB /I3 NOJR3O P/R4JIGMJ/I G0/I3*MF3 BMGMEB /Q ! NO/H3IJ3B PGI 43 JS3IMJQJ3S5 )QQJPJ3IPA /Q R/03PE03 JS3IMJQJPGMJ/I T3O3 REPF
JRNO/X3S5 +F3 O3BE0MB /Q FA4OJSB JS3IMJQJPGMJ/I NO/XJS3S G B/0JS 3XJS3IP3 Q/O MF3 FA4OJSB QEOMF3O BMESA GIS GNN0JPGMJ/I5 +F3
3CN3OJR3IMG0 O3BE0MB G0B/ NO/X3S MFGM &6,7 R/03PE0GO RGOV3O M3PFI/0/HA PGI 43 3QQ3PMJX30A GNN0J3S JI MF3 O3B3GOPF3B /I
;+<(3%&7 5
5#, 6*."/* ;+<(3%&7.&6,797’6.FA4OJS JS3IMJQJPGMJ/I
$5z%<;+<(3%&7M6EOz(<+GC/SJGP3G3M
$;r6)33>6*A%’ @B~*+?T$5z
<; 5 3%#$%25&7M^Kz<; 5 +#2’"3’"#Mbf0L$5z
<\zvOfzM<; 5 7&20("+$&7M&2ij! :^k
z :^lZ 2^/Hb1u3/l]G*T&’b7
&KT1x’KLY;72~&8%<@$*;DdI
Gp2fz<"M[qz<40,=$(7’0%+ )(0$&"’%M<#MP
‘‘n*<_ 8#jP~t"j2-Uk*SQ5OX:z< ; 5 7&20("+$&7 [
40,=$(7’0%+ )(0$&"’%M*Gd.*=$5z%P‘E~
7MW 5*#$$;M&0Q
Ug1=()@6E>?AX 8%:@$GH$5z%
~-P‘,!62>?*ET.1+z @$#t ; 5
3%#$%25&7<"M[ ; 5 7&20("+$&7<#MulFp=B~
&6D~I3>0l3[m[[/&#$$!$*AA,p2$5z%
~-P‘d*‘nfz<"M[$5z<#M<_6;
O8*#$$:8$$#"<<# 5 !M#$_I*<_P‘GV @
j*+?O +!$" +^!$< b +!$:&O)|} @ jP‘
GV7P~Qs*23Pm+)\]l’tw6n
5P~jH3#$7|&
+6E*G~x_}u1*+)\]AB+6
E*G~HlqRbG~pPQ};7|17/F
u2z%6EP~7|bF#307V#NOT$5z
%6EE~7=jAB:F&U7l<#$$:M^?i
Hl<#$$#M^3p9l<#$$2 6,7\ 7^’6962-7 ,^797’6f (+&l+)\]AB
n$5z%6E#$OY=>>? D^xpi/K
fP~7|&51u2/U7O 6,7\\]*}T
6,7\A8?\7TI3\]*I;s+nnkb
Pnk;O*b+C$451e(X*S_OO
!"#$\]CEdf%P*n|3bF]3%F&
%!"#\]<&’()’*+’,-’./0’1 /23.454’1 36.726-384&2*d
f7=TAU13MT 94b :)4-6&<;<<=MGK7F
~;- #>! TA7*k+)\]AB*&GKe
"*[+U~6E7C$pi/K94* !" #$ @*;<l*;<U23K;(yl*;<Lwl*;<l*;<<%c<@ %!"#\]u2‘$5z%6E7
>?1*Pm %!"#+)\]ABnfzb$5z
7 ?BP‘GV<"\‘M#$P~jH37|*O
P‘GV7#FhGK62?\ABH]*OPP
m<=>?*%P %!"#\]AB+$5z%6E
7#Fh>?1_‘/Fu2;?\]g&
= TUiYZ
=F= ;w _I:OO$5z f^zffz$5z<"M7 D BP‘GV H?5zMQ&0QUg1=()@6E>?A_Ity&
:Ofb8?( =&
Q ! drTUw,u2+
"#$%! &#’() #*+ &,% ,- (./(01’(*2#3 ’#2(01#3)
b8 I6@ :O5v I/2’& 65 2/0’-4/.&
= H?; H?D H?
? 1+z D<; % @ ,-."-(/’& G % @ &’()*+#"’&
A fz % @ &’()*+#"’&
E $5z % @ ,-."-(/’&
=F; klx $I"vwSrNYZ ;O‘ $I"?
QpQ >H"J<>’07.0-42’087./226*4)2 K-6241’*E.v
;g7;936M;<~w+l*;<$I"lHp2 A< *Ng!9
O =7"$I"R’aA E^!9M&
=FD %!"#,#>!~!de %!"#CE_d8$4
iEAB’^(}nT*,IH#& =^< G #>! J)55’-^
PN; Qb H/( !M|&lL;8$k(}&$I" {G|&lL H/R/!/ (}&TA\up2 =7\uz>*51@A*=!9 =< G #>! K)55’-*PN
; Q
;F< 226.g9O =*,IH# =<O =*CE 9O =*%#0 $I"jn! #>!TA7dfTAvE7K;Y1F%%l
<;<=F? yz{|V}P^yJ~n
%!"#,#>!\uz>*>@NQ ?L B %!"# CE‘
n<( ; D^M*n ; O%!"#CE‘n7UN&
Q 4 5678~n!"!
"#$%4 "9( /01’(0 )(:;(*<() ;)(+ -,0 5678 #*#3=)1)
b8
>61’
CEdf
#-42’- &’()’*+’&
P’= AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU"H" O DT
P’; AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU"U> O DT
P’E AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU"U" O DT
P’B AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU">U O DT
P’L AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU""" O DT
P’V AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU""> O DT
P’=< AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU""H O DT
P’== AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU""U O DT
P’=; AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUH"U O DT
P’=D AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUHHU O DT
P’=? AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUHUH O DT
P’=A AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUH>" O DT
P’=E AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUU"> O DT
P’=B AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUUH" O DT
P’=L AT O HU"UH>>""">>UUUUH O DT
P’=V AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU>"U O DT
P’;< AT O HU"UH>>""">>UU>"H O DT
W2B AT O U">HU>UH">U""HHU"U O DT
W2L AT O U">HU>UH">U""HHU>> O DT
W2V AT O U">HU>UH">U""HHH>" O DT
W2=< AT O U">HU>UH">U""HH>"H O DT
W2== AT O U">HU>UH">U""HH""H O DT
# P’= O P’;< O"\CE*W2B O W2== O\\CE&P’= O
P’;< /-’ 56-X/-1 3-42’-&*/*1 W2B O W2== /-’ -’Y’-&’ 3-42’-&@
= FA yz!^"[^#/ +4O-’]G’7CEnP‘GV#$jH37
|*2’S<]G’7GV=OjP~&
; MJi)V
;F= $p;wklx $I"‘YZ nA?Q $I"
#$TablH7K;*K;.’()*<<_I?
Q7 $I"lHZ T^aa*Y_:OMF<3?Q
T4*<_I/H@C2G7 $I"Ta%Fe$‘
A< *Ng!9
O =*ROV~ $I"7Ta

;F; yz{|V}P^yJ‘~n #>!\uz>*>@‘n. ?Ln %!"#CE‘nn
;O<:Ofzb$5z#$. %!"#,#>!TA+K;.’?p ;M&.’ ?LBCE‘nMTA-
.Br7i’&+ ?L BCE‘n1*UN- ;? n
fz’]G’7CE‘n*=Vn$5z’]G’7
CE‘n&
;FD yz!^‘"[^x%;^#/ XedU
D?=! ;# MN/l*2 %!"#\]7|$5z%6EP~
Q ! q-mK "#D $%&’~n/2!
()* +! (,- "# $%&’ ./01-/ 231*04)50346 6-7-25-
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
8 04 5,- 6598:
d8
!"#
CE‘n
$%&’(% )"’*&+,-&"+.
/ 0(/1 2 3’4 "
5 0(56 2 3’4 "
7 0(8 2 3’9 :
; 0(4 2 3’9 "
< 0(9 2 3’9 :
8 0(1 2 3’9 " :
4 0(/6 2 3’9"
9 0(// 2 3’9
1 0(/5 2 3’9 :
/6 0(/7 2 3’9 " :
// 0(/; 2 3’9 " :
/5 0(/< 2 3’9
/7 0(/8 2 3’9
/; 0(/4 2 3’9 " :
/< 0(/9 2 3’9"
/8 0(/1 2 3’9
/4 0(56 2 3’9
/9 0(8 2 3’1 "
/1 0(4 2 3’1
56 0(9 2 3’1
5/ 0(1 2 3’1
55 0(/6 2 3’1
57 0(// 2 3’1 " :
5; 0(/5 2 3’1
d8
!"#
CE‘n
$%&’(% )"’*&+,-&"+.
5< 0(/7 2 3’1
58 0(/; 2 3’1
54 0(/< 2 3’1
59 0(/8 2 3’1
51 0(/4 2 3’1 "
76 0(/9 2 3’1
7/ 0(/1 2 3’1 " :
75 0(56 2 3’1 :
77 0(8 2 3’/6 :
7; 0(9 2 3’/6 " :
7< 0(1 2 3’/6 " :
78 0(/6 2 3’/6 " :
74 0(// 2 3’/6 " :
79 0(/5 2 3’/6 "
71 0(/7 2 3’/6 " :
;6 0(/; 2 3’/6 " :
;/ 0(/< 2 3’/6 "
;5 0(/8 2 3’/6 "
;7 0(/4 2 3’/6 " :
;; 0(/9 2 3’/6 " :
;< 0(/1 2 3’/6
;8 0(56 2 3’/6
;4 0(/ 2 3’//
;9 0(5 2 3’//
!"*()5Ofz’]G’7CE.:*()5O$5z’]
G’7CE&?"D(=>%(..(. -?( >%&’(% @&-? -?( .>()&A&) *,+B. "A ! #
"#$%&’()#".? : D(=>%(..(. -?( >%&’(% @&-? -?( .>()&A&) *,+B. "A ! #
*+,)+$-#" #
p 5 / C 5;8CE‘nnfzb$5z7TA.’
D&E# 5 F?( %(.GH-. ,’>H&A&(B *I ">-&’&J(B .I.-(’ &+ ! # "#$%&’()#" ,+B ! # *+,)+$-#" G.&+E / C 5; >%&’(% )"’*&+,-&"+.
0*K!L 0,%M(%./ C 5;O( 7b8nu7CE‘n.eBCE‘n7_I:Ofz%&’(% )"’*&+,-&"+.
<.?"@+ &+ -,*#7M.-?( (=>(%&’(+-,H ’,-(%&,H. ,%( ! # "#$%&’()#" ,+B ! # *+,)+$-#" A%"’ H(A- -" %&E?- &+ (,)? >%&’(% )"’*&+,-&"+.#
N74OT2\oM7CE1*UN. /5nCE*= 8 /^/ /^;^
57 7^/ 7^7 7^; 7^< 7^8 7^4 7^1 ;^;8CE‘nb8M*n F;64 F^;68 F^;6< b1+z 765 #$P~
7|&.’KU*} ;BGVMOjP~*51+C
E‘n 0(1 2 3’/6<7<8M7TA.’1*;BGV
p / Y_:O K!LEt<6 +Eg"N
C /79:K;pD&E# / 3H()-%">?"%(.&. "A E(+"’&) K!L>(%M,+B
&-. <6 +Eg"N
C / B&HG-&"+H(.
dp7Y 8B2GO#K!L*XZ‘[+?O <6*/66*/<6*566*
5<6*766 +E&D"%’(% 8 .,’>H(. &+ -?( G>>(% A&EG%( ,%(#K!L*A%"’ H(A-
-" %&E?- ,%( <6*/66*/<6*566*5<6*766 +E#
Mo2’S<7]G’*,2’V<7]G’*O-
Pm} /nCEX\e7|} ;BGVP~7jH
3*\e@} ;BGVg4Os+G"&OP%K
U*s;K’ 7|OjP~*=GV2’S<7]G’&
;;/ & ’ ( ) ;<"
s;*} !nCE%\ePmFy]^i’@
eBGVfO’()!*+ ,- gk6 "#$$ & ’(*!*) ,- O1+z
.+/A]’#O’&37-)U6E+):;*qFU13k67’rI*@Y_:Ob^G~K,
(*e-SBz<3@} %BGVfO$3 ’ "#* & ’($+!)+ ,-k6 0%+1 0^%+! 0^%+2 1^+z .+/ $^5z:::::::::::::::::
/3 ’ "#* & ’($+!$/1 ,-k6 0%+1 0^%+! 0^%+2 1^+z .+/:::::::::::::::::::
.3 ’ "#$% & ’()!*+ ,-k6r’ "#$$ & ’(*!*) ,-k6 1+z .+/:::::::::::::
.3 I "#$% & ’()!*+ ,-k6rI "#$$ & ’(*!*) ,-k6 0%+1 0^%+! 0^%+2:::::::::::
%3 ’ "#$$ & ’(*!*+ ,-k6 0%+1:::::::::::::::::::::::::::
%3 I "#$$ & ’(*!*+ ,-k6 0%+! 0^%+2:::::::::::::::::::::::::
13 ’ "#* & ’($+!*+ ,-k6 0%+!::::::::::::::::::::::::::
13 I "#* & ’($+!*+ ,-k6 0%+2::::::::::::::::::::::::::
/3 I "#* & ’($+!$/1 ,-k6 $5z::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
$3 I "#* & ’($+!)+ ,-k6 fz::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
p . U13CE+O4567 . 08# 9#:;<=: >(-<5?5#@ 5A ->9#A=: >A@ =8#59 -9B6#A5#: ,C -B=5BA:
"*EFG (>9H#9.$ I !*( $b8nu7_I:O&08# FB7 B? =8# =#:=#@ (>=#95><:<:8BJA 5A 0>,7$M7
. M6i"6
<_Ic<@ KLGM+)\]ABu2-$5
z6E7>?1*O-*+u2A\]#$P~7|
Y*cMp2 N*<.%M"‘_ITh*n KLGMOMPL7
\uz>17CO)*@A "6/ & !^F0M C^E "^#$
EFGjn!#$ %O- .ox/y‘nUN*<%
27z>=OAUN7/,z>&u2,3G7z
>>@NQ. %)n KLGMCE#$ /O<$5zg
fz-U13CE7UN*.’KU %)nCEMTA-Br7i’*_U13%a*/s_I:O+
%)nCE7TA.’1*’ /*nOU13CE*6
!+3%Q*_} /*nU13CE1’ $%nCET /:
OM’]G’7CE*}b)<_IAK:7
KLGMOMPL\uz>J0n|3Z*;_\e’t3
u2-$5z%6E7P~U237>?1&
OYA>*>Y+$5z%6E7>?1u2
/U7+)\]O LGME\]*} LGME\]OO
AP27CE%P*_F3F*@LXV~nda
$*2’%F7F]3&; KLGM\]o2’ LGME
7zU3*,2r. G4NM7%Eo7U13f%
a7n|3b\F]3*KLGM\]&GKe"[X
+xU6EdGL.F>f77=>?/++2M&}~2’CU,G7+)\]%8+$5
z%6E>?1_‘/F7u2*@%#$5z%
6E+)iE)7>?&
<%+UN$5zgfz#O<-U13
KLGMCE7;Zd*n$5zgfzP‘7 %BG
V#$.P~jH37|*.’AUN7U13C
1%$! /# MN/l*2 KLGM\]7|$5z%6EP~
E1*’ !nCE\e@ "BGV1 #BrUBG
V+?7|OjP~*51CE‘n $%& ’ ()#*7
TA.’1*" BGVo2’S<7]G’,2’
V<7]G’*=0} #n +,-.CEX\e7| "
BGV7jH3*[[?a.+)7|7t+*S_
+<>?1KUPmFy]^i’\e@eBP‘
GVf5 /O?+#$P~
7|7OP*%K:.}yP‘GV7Dxpi*O
P‘GV7#Fh>?fGK62?\()]g&
+,-.\]7CU,Gf<>?Au27 +,-.0.1,
\uz>7n|3b\F]3+CEUNgP~7
|7m71_‘.#Fh7I)gzU&<>?n
+,-.+)\]AB7T4u2OgG$5z%6
E7G~7| C^$U23>? D^xpi/Kef
C$WRpi/Kl]|.F#;Z*%@%#$
5z%6E+)\]fC$E~7>?&
d e , -
?iH*y{O*cKH*l 2 /**/ 2 62 ,-.3K;AB[;P‘$
5z#$-7OY=> 2]V)m*&9()n*"#!"5 2
8 +*g (*])>*l 2 /**! 2 *k+)\] +,-.f5u2 2W
l^’()*<&M*& 4 #/2
U 7*WiM*#lX*l 2 /**6 2 $5z%2~f5P‘GVOY
=>7 ,-.3+0 2&’()*"7U(y*:N"*rXN 2 /**6 2 +,-.+)\]+00YC$U1
3 2iEAB*#6<7M*/7 4 /!2
’A>*‘vI*>%W*l 2 /**6 2 \tF;Z?;O !"#&7 +,-.
\] 2OK^)m*//<"M*#&7 4 #&! 2
~w+ 9 $*Dl 2 "n 2 KL*()-nq*5" 4 552
yLw*r M*Ut^*l 2 /**5 2 "Y +,-.C$WRp7/Kf
HI{S7;O|S 2&9()#L*#5r M*yLw*Ut^*l 2 /**" 2 "Y +,-.C$WRp7/Kf
t;;O|S 21=()*11r **QRS*3K_ 2 /**8 2 +)\]+&’6E*G~7?1
7u2fY; 2&’()*""%^T*rJ1*@<$*l 2 /**! 2 2 +,-.\]+01=A;kS
TG~7C$U23bC$;Z 21=^’()*7&/5!2
F%%*Q‘?*rlR*l 2 /**8 2 .a@%6E +,-.0.1,z>7
K:b,3 2@’)m*#6MN/*WiM 2 /**8 2 $5z%26~-P‘NE>?#L 20Q
&’(A*75cKH*y{O*@FJ*l 2 /**7 2 X:z72~]^gi1[N 2
d8^’)m*#&<7M*5! 4 5&2
3p9*U<<*c+H*l 2 /**! 2 f0L$5zI3> ,-.3Dx
pi7/K 2lL&’[))m*&9()n*7*<5M*/& 4 772
1<%%=> 3*?@A ?BACDAE*FB G%HID*$% &# 2 /**8 2 J@CC K>% ,%IC $DAK%LB)I
1MN<%OO P :INIA%O% 1%QI< GMH<@Q .C%IO% +KIAQ RNY1DA@S%< TBI/5<#M*"* 4 ""2
9%<<@DC $*.@=D U*VB%L 92 /**7 2 ;%A%K@= Q@W%DS =B=B%D<%K@=IC IAQ
-NNC@%Q ;%A%K@=O*#*6X@ ;*TB@@O)<+,-.M*
I A%\ )I)INN@AE IAQ E%A% KIEE@AE @A ’"&(()*& 2 Z>%D<%K@=IC IAQ -NNC@%Q
;%A%K@=O*#*7*"55 4 "!#2
X@A ]*G% 3*]>IAE F*$% &# 2 /**5 2 X@AYIE% )IN =DAOKTZX SD< =DKKDA S@H<% [BIC@KM BO@AE +,-.*++, IAQ ,-.32 .CIAK
U<%%Q@AE*#/"X@AE ?IA*XB J%@S%AE*XB 9IA*$% &# 2 /**! 2 .1,0,9X. IAQ -.0.1, DS
"+*X IAQ ^Z+ DS <3V- +>D\ Z>IK P ,&-./).0$")& 1$)23.45))<,&-./)60
P 7"81%.0$")&M@O ADK IA @AK%MH<@Q2 :DB.CIAK U@DCDEM*"8<"M*"!8 4 "6/2
01234 t u8
!"# & ’ ( ) "5"