免费文献传递   相关文献

Application of multicomponent dissolution evaluation method of biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica in Gegen Qinlian tablets

中药生物药剂学分类系统的多成分溶出评价方法在葛根芩连片中的应用



全 文 :$,z{,|v}x~tuvš›œˆ
žŒŽŸ$ ¡
#$

!
BCD
*
!
%&

!
!
)*+

!
,-

!
(&

!
!

!
d
eÖàop/q
!

$$$*%
*d
àrst


#
\uvwx»klmn
!

$$$#

gh
#!
ꘙ*$,z{,|v}x~
!^K.@DET/E-NHRK-Q-IEQQKSK-ERK.1 Q6QRN/.S¡
Ê$u,œo>
$
@Ԝ´UD§¨tuv„…Pºš›˜–“§¨
(
oR2¡
L?B<
oÌRŒŽŸ$
4
u
vž—˜š›Æâ$—˜P¡Ô:9š›ÛvB
$
»«w욛²m
$
2¡(~Ó÷
!7
*

×¼}v‚¼cš›²m(~
“åæv‚
$
áŒÕèžÎÆâ$
$

%
×
(!
ƒŽ·

¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

(~“æä
$
(~Ó÷¶ð
&))
ž
@L%d&
Æâ$
$

%
×
(!
ƒŽ·

¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

(~“æä
$
(~Ó÷v`ð
)
×
&)
”¯Æâ
$m¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

¶(~“æŒ
(
êoRÕè
)$&$
×
#!
:î

¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

hCœl˜–š›µ“
)


×
4
¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

hCÉ+œl˜–š›µ“
)

%
×

(!
ƒŽ·

¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

—hC˜–š›µ“
(

ijk
#!
ŒŽŸ
)
š›¦
)
(~Ó÷
)
¼}v‚

lm)(
#!*$&5$%5(

nopL
#!
%õöÃ&Éf÷ø
!(&%))#*)
23$B,§
1ρ‚b½Š#÷ø
!*$5
qrst
#!
!
ùú
$
û˜™ü
$
ýþzßÿ
$
X!#Ï|©$,
x~˜™
$UNI#!$$#&*(#*&$V5/EKI#A.1FIK1F2^H-/dNAHd-1)
!
%
&
$
û(
$
ýþzßÿ
$
X!#,{Q†˜™
$UNI# ! $$
(&%)(#*4$V5/EKI#IKH6E1F2^H-/dNAHd-1

stuv
#!
½§
$
ýþ˜™z
$V5/EKI#6HIK$$)2#)d-./
!!
tuvtžÔ$,µÔn¹uð)úÍ
*
*+
$
$,R±¡‹R$C‘uv}~×
-å)xU
(
;-w«|$,{b=¯°±¡>
!¹Ô,{š›×„…
*
È)C–N
(
ÓS
$
ž˜
«$,R/,x~$
$
9KƮʶŒ¾-±
ÿ
$
CDéy$,m»v—xD„…œl
$
;þU7
éy$,Rm»v‚å>„…
**+
(
$,z{
,|v}x~‰3X!ø*ž,{b‰Š
!AKQ-.JNT6
£$,tuvçwz{,|µ¶œ

$
Mðy.–,{ób‰Š
!ANJNI.@/N1R
Ùô
|©,Ó½¾×u,“yB
$
X!²¡š¥“ב
’“±ð&ÛÜv}ÉÃ
(
£n€4$u,
œ
$<99W<8
ïDfE9Š±¡
$
SPÁ!ˆÊ
2¡š›¦œˆ
$
áˆ$,tuvµÔ
$
3
ºˆ$,µ7š›œwx
(
ÓS
$
+˜™2¡
$B¹p
&
ô/á

*)+
$ŒŽÀQ«|Œ
ŽŸ
$
@”tuvN¢yX!uvš›»
¼àµÔ
$
@ÔOPUD§¨uv„…Pºtu
vš›˜–“§¨
(
!
•2
Z!

OERNTQ
e(7Wx~
!#$$
“s4
$
*%
OERNTQ
EF
$*&(%
¡5·ÑìuoÝ
$V/@.+NT*
´±6
)
V÷v‚ÂÏ
!WU5*8$
237t²83ÝCDE
F
)@L
¦Š
!MV*$$
¿µÀ
5
Á²t3݀IC
DEF
)
ÂDš›3
! >`85(C$
ÂçÂbCD
ÄEF
(
Z!
,{
Œ¤£‚]
!
F<
$%*5*$$4*$
ƒŽ·
£‚]
!
F<
$%5*$%$
í:î£‚]
!
F<
$%)5*$$4
¶ABÊ$%È],]uÌ
˜™j
(
ŒŽŸ
!
GL²ÅQ$,CDE
F
$
F<
$*$$$$
Ȯ
$d) F(
Z&!
Q|
ej
!
7WQ

ABÊ
MKQDNT
EF
!
*%
)
[\]^ÎABÊ[\\<EF
!
$%_`
(
M
OR
%
í
%
SqVW
%
SVqW
%
VrȎ
%
.
ÎÇȏ
%
SVqŽKQ|
!
¶Aö23È´Z

0&4&&0
¬
)4
­¬
*)
r
*$&
n
*
o
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Id)4$:QQHN!*)
YN-N/^NT$ *$&
1ðv‚]
(
!
ˆ
Z!
še«=
ZZ!
£‚še- 
!
LÉ~ä®÷yŸ|
$
…
JËÊ
$
˜!
$
€ÀL!~
!
‚(æÊ

Ÿ϶
â~
$
¼!~ej9š¥
$
¼š›Æâ«uq
/B
$‚}
$d# /F
,{še
$
±ð£‚še
(
ZZ!
š›Æâ-«
!@Ld$
폚e-«
#
~
L폚e
4 /B$
¼ÎË/Ã
$$$ /B$

)@L
&d$
öde-«
#
L.ÎÇȏ
*d4$ F$
LSV

*%d* F$
¼Î
$$$ /B
š¥
$

)@L#d(
ö
de-«
#
LSqVW
d%$ F
×SVqW
d%(
F$
¼Îš¥Ë/Ã
$$$ /B$

)@L%d&
öde

#
LSqVW
#d( F$
¼
$d /.I0B
f
VrÈ
Žše
)4 /B
Ë/Ã
$$$ /B$

(
Z!
š›¦QRÑÒ

&
$%,p
*$$
nkš›ˆà›œ¹
wìÈIw8N¢

š|v`oÌ
(
hw̱
Ïy
#
L+]
$
‚š›¦ö
!
,p
*$$
nkq1
ÍÎ
a<
*&+
$
ˆðψ
$
Ò:ð
$$ T0/K1
f
)
š
›Æâ𛜹wz»N¢


@L
še
)

*$ /B$
MàP†e
$
L›še ÊfbÐ$=
Ø
$
ü¡
/B
]^Κ¥
$
Ô
$d&
&
/
mno;
$
.³ôQÇ]
)
LÇP¡ð
$$$$)$$&$#$ /K1(
Z&!
š›¦o̐ˆ
2¡ñ‘e(7WˆoÌ
$
Ã()ºOt§
*+$
7WÑÒð
#UDNT/.8-KN1RKSK-$L6@NTQKI<
(
7W
c
!&d# // n *$ //$
&
/)
K:
d$ /B0
/K1
f
)
uo5·
*%$ 1/)
c>»>
)
¼Ç~
$
&
B)
KL(
#
KL(
3
ðödše
!h
MOR
$h
O

$
¡Sê
@L
E
)d$$W
ðej
$
³¦;(lº
ð
#$ m* /K1$*&hW)* m) /K1$*&h m*(hW)
) m4 /K1$*(hW)4 m*$ /K1$*(h m))d(hW)
*$ m)%d /K1$))d(hW))%d m)(d /K1$))d(h m
&hW))(d m#$ /K1$&h m%hW(
Z&Z!
Ò:,Ó
!
2¡,p
*$$
nkq1ÍÎ
a<
¬qˆÉ 
$
7
4$$ /B
Îðš|
$
oÌi£3Ý
É ¼cù!êQ
$
9Ï631[š›Ñ8
31
!* p* //(
v`~L¹({®»Jã
÷Î
$
 mš›Ñ8
$
¥š›Æâ>¦Ç̞
!)% p$d o
0
$
pôQ]µ<š›Ñ$
$
Ò:

$$$%$$ T0/K1
f
QR
$
Ê
$$$$)$$
&$#$ /K1
PLÇo̚›~
!
tuv:9š›
¦¼×
$

(
áŒUë
$
éÌ+]š›¦
oÌÒ:ð
$$ T0/K1
f
(
Õ
!
—˜Ò:PôQ]϶š›¦
UE^IN!UDNEJNTEFNAKQQ.IHRK.1 .SQE/@INQERAKSNTN1RQ@NNA
-=/K1
϶š›¦
=h
$$ T0/K1
f
% T0/K1
f
$ T0/K1
f
d( &d$ d&
$ &d4 %d$ 4d#
*4d $d& )d
)$ 4d* *%d4 d4
& 4)d$ )(d )d*
#$ $d% #d% &$d*
Z&Z!
šeË̓OP
!
pŒŽŸÊ

—
˜
@L
š›Æâ$¼cš›¦oÌ
$
Ɉ̱
$
pôQ]šev`ʗ˜P¡ÔoÌôQ]
4
ÈX!uvF9
$
M7Œ¤yÕP¡Š‡
mÈ(£yÕP¡
$
ŒŽŸ$X!uv
ž
* D
q8Ë̓¶Œ
!>8Yjh $
Ë̓oR
>ÃuÕ
*(
Õ
*!
—˜Æâ$mF9
>8Y
UE^IN*!UDN>8Y.SNJNT6@NE[ ETNEK1 AKSNTN1RAKQQ.IHRK.1
/NAKE
< (£yÕP¡
mF9
>8Y=h
@L
d$
@L
&d$
@L
#d(
L
*
@L
%d&

$d%) $d4 $d% $d) d) $d)

*!
Œ¤
d$$ *d $d* d* $d) *d

) d$% d& $d4 *d) d( d*

& d# *d) )d4 d( d4 &d

d) *d* $d4 *d# d *d#

#!
:î
d%) *d& $d& %d( d $d)

% *d* $d) *d( )d* *d& d%

(!
ƒŽ·
)d* $d &d d( #d# d(

4 )d*) &d( &d% d$ &d$ d$
&!
áŒ
&Z!
š›²moÌáŒ
L+]«|
$
ž€à

š›Æâ$¼cš›
²moÌ
$
7LÇP¡ðÒÓø
$
7š›¦ðÔÓ
ø
$
»«š›²mf
$
uf
(
04&&0
¬
)4
­¬
*)
r
*$&
n
*
o
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Id)4$:QQHN!*)
YN-N/^NT$ *$&
3d@Ld$)Wd@L&d$)*
\)Vd@L%d&!
f
*
˜
(
f
!
RŒŽŸ
4
uvž

—˜
@L
š›Æâ$š›²m
MKFd!UDNAKQQ.IHRK.1 -HTJNQ.S1K1N-./@.1N1RQST./CN1FN1 bK1IKE1 RE^INRQK1 SKJNAKSNTN1R@LAKQQ.IHRK.1 /NAKE
&Z!
š›>Ãv‚
&ZZ!
2¡û›©ÉՈ
5
(~Ó÷ˆ
!7
*


!
(~Ó÷
7
*
>ÕÖ8ð
#
7
*
>$ HI.F
E

( )
I+

+
->

-
?(
( )
-
[ ]* ?$J H{ }$$
”$

-
×
(
-
v`ðºå,{×QR,{žP
¡
-
Pš›¦
$+
ðoÌP¡Ôj>
(
.-êð
7
*
ž
$ m$$$
UêÌKÆ/Åcð(~
(
+oR
p—˜š›Æâ$
*
<
!
Œ¤

š›²m±
ðºå£‚²m
$
(˜š›Æâ$”¯š›²
m׺壂²m¼cåæ
$
7O댍ŽŸ$

4
uvžš›Æâ$/ŵ“
(
RŒŽ
Ÿ$X!uv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤


$
Š‡
7
*
áŒuÕ
)(
&ZZ!
RŒŽŸ|$
4
uvš›cð¼
}v‚
!
2¡¼}v‚ˆ£RŒŽŸ$
4
uvʗ˜š›Æâ$š›²m¼c¼}v
‚
$
.pqÈoÌÑÒy
4
uvš›²m‹u
*

›ª¡€
4
ÈÔ
$
7
*
<
!
Œ¤

ðºå

$
2¡âã¼}ˆ£€à—˜š›Æâ$mÈ
š›cð¼cv}
$
uf
*(
&ZZ&!
w욛áŒ:á
!
2¡€à
*
ˆ£
š›²m(~“¼cœ
$
U7‹›
#
Ã(~Ó÷
Š‡áŒÕè
$&
<¢QÕuvw욛c
ð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

š›cð5‘U
$
ž
&
!!
Õ
)!
‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤


7
*
Š‡áŒ
UE^IN)!UDNTNQHIRQ.S-EI-HIERK.1 .S7
*
-./@ETNA +KRD @NE[ *
!@HNTETK1
<
7
*
Ó÷
@Ld$ @L&d$ @L#d(
L
*
@L%d&

%# #& %4 &4 *

*!
Œ¤
f f f f f

) # %% # % (

& & 4* (( 4$ ((

%# %# %( %( %4

#!
:î
# %* % %& &

% &4 #) &( &) )

(!
ƒŽ·
#4 # %$ &) &

4 #% ( #$ &(
š›Æâ$KÆ
7
*
¿¶§Ê
($$

@Ld$

폚e$qÆ(~“¸@
( %
<¢QÕuv
w욛cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

š›c
ð(ä5Ö
$
ž
&
š›Æâ$KÆ
7
*
¿¶:Ê
$$

@L&d$
Síše$qƚ›cð՝ð
(~
( )
<
%
<¢QÕuv×
#
<
!

î

ž

š›Æâ$š›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

š›cð(~“¶Œ
(
Ã¼}v‚áŒÕè
$
ž
@Ld$
š›Æâ$

<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ
¤

5ð‘U
$&
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<
ºå
!
Œ¤

(ä5Ö
)
ž
@L&d$
š›Æâ$
&
0#4&&0
¬
)4
­¬
*)
r
*$&
n
*
o
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Id)4$:QQHN!*)
YN-N/^NT$ *$&
!!
f
*!
—˜
@L
Æâ$
4
uv×±f
MKFd*!UDNRTNNAKEFTE/Q.S1K1N-./@.1N1RQST./CN1FN1 bK15
IKE1 RE^INRQK1 SKJNAKSNTN1R@LAKQQ.IHRK.1 /NAKE
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ
¤

5ð‘U
$4
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<
ºå
!
Œ¤

(ä5Ö
)
ž
@L#d(
š›Æâ
&
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ
¤

5ð‘U
$%
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<
ºå
!
Œ¤

(ä5Ö
)
žÎÆâ$
&
<¢Q
Õuvš›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

5ð‘
U
$%
<×
4
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<
ºå
!
Œ¤

(ä5Ö
)
ž
@L%d&
š›Æâ$
)
<×
&
<¢QÕuvš›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

5ð‘U
$
<×
%
<¢QÕuv
š›cð‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

(ä5Ö
(
7€v‚áŒÕè
$
ØX
*
v‚ל
ˆ—˜
$
v‚ጸCä®
$
:v‚לááÉ
+.;
(
)!

+oR,ÓÚ
@Ld$$&d$$#d($
Î×
@L%d&
Í

še±ðš›Æâ
$
v`›œRŒŽ
ŸžHeח˜ƒŠƒe$š›
(
7ŒŽ
$
4
X!uvš›±ð˜™£[
$
O딞—
˜š›Æâ$š›»¼àµÔ
$
Ãw욛DÁ
ŒGÒo”žw8—˜„…1’„…èé
*#5%+
(
+˜™Õè
$
RŒŽ$
4
X!uv
žš›Æâš›—œlhC˜–“
$

%
×
(
!
ƒŽ·

¢QÕuv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

š
›˜–“(äæÖ
$

)$&$$
×
#!
:î

¢QÕ
uv‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

hCœlš›˜
–“
$


×
4
‹
*
<ºå
!
Œ¤

ïhCæ
.;š›˜–“
(
՚›˜–“Õè
$
ÕS
uvžvP“/ÅڛÆâ$m»vå>y
¾—Ð
$
MþÕå>Ç̋SuvžRŒ
Ž$-å.;
$
՘–/Å]*w›Ú$
,-©µÔ
(
›œz{Æâš›¦ˆž3w욛×
w8„…()“FÃ)@!
*(+
$
MþAÔ,{«
|w욛²mŠ‡š›‡>
*4+
$
Õï*z{,|
v}øò†%
$
ÓSš›¦˜™ï*Ù¨»
3
<99W<8
@!˜™8{
(
Ù¨»ž
<99W<8
˜™Ôl$
$
£$,š›¦œˆ‚–+
Ã,Ôl—_]¼
$
\‚,•y|
*$+
0˜™R$,Ÿ|
$
\.uvš›¦œ0<
E+˜™tuvš›¦œ
$
M@Ô)dUD£
f„…Pºä®š›˜–“§¨
(
+˜™3
ŒŽŸ$
4
X!uvw욛²mo̐
ˆ
$
4—DÚEquvèé̓
$
:-@EÚ
.ÑÜó£‚]}hÛD«;¼cz{,|(
)˜™IO
(

wxyz
#
* +!
ÜÝ$
!o$

$
K
d
tuvtžÔ*£$,±¡²«
ÕFê*
*X+d
áú&()
111
$B,QÈ
$*$$4$
!&#&($d
* * +!
RßC
$
ñ¹¿
$
ã²Ï
$
K
d
mºMµ»-åÙ,àk‰
‡ˆœ
*X+d
,]œ
$*$$$*!)#*$4d
* ) +!

$

$
á9
d
ŒŽÀ<Ëuv–—
*X+d
$%$
,-.
$*$$($))!**#*#(%d
* & +!
$%,p
d
.1
*8+d*$$# *#d
* +!@TN@ETERK.1Q.SRDTNNAKSNTN1R@DET/E-NHRK-EIS.T/QK1-IHAK1FAN5
-.-RK.1$ AKQ@N1QK1FFTE1HINE1A @KI*X+ d*$$4$#4!#*)d
* # +!WTERNTY44$&!8)#8&d
* % +!8DKIKAE6:>$ 3IKQ.1 9Vd:1RTE@IERNINR-EI-KH/INJNIQK1 @E5
RKN1RQ+KRD E-HRNTN1EISEKIHTN^ NS.TNE1A ESRNTRDNEA/K1KQRTERK.1
.SI..@ AKHTNRK-Q*X+d;N@DT.IYKEIUTE1Q@IE1R$ *$$$# !)#
*d
0%4&&0
¬
)4
­¬
*)
r
*$&
n
*
o
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Id)4$:QQHN!*)
YN-N/^NT$ *$&
* ( +!ME1FXKE1FW$ >.^NTRQ.1 ]KJKE1 c$ >E+ER3T-DE1E$ NREIdYN5
JNI.@/N1RE1A E@@IK-ERK.1 .SE^K.TNINJE1RAKQQ.IHRK.1 /NRD.A
HQK1F_8?E@@ETERHQ& K1 NETI6@DEQNS.T/HIERK.1 ANJNI.@/N1R
*X+,9.I?DET/$ *$$$%!#&##d
* 4 +!?E@EA.@.HI.H ]$ ]EIQE/KC$ Y.[.H/NRZKAKQ3$ NREIdWK.@DET5
/E-NHRK-Q-IEQQKSK-ERK.1 Q6QRN/QS.T1N+/.IN-HIETN1RKRKNQ!W<85
;9VQ E1A /ET[NRNA ATHFQ!W<859Y# RDN.TNRK-EI^ EQKQE1A
@TE-RK-EIN7E/@INQ*X+d:1RX?DET/$ *$$($)#!=*#%$d
*$+!
%&
$
âÿÃ
$
xyz
$
K
d
ðñy|w욛µ¶˜™
*X+d
$%$Bk‰-.
$ *$&$*!*#((d
4MM/.J-B.@A@L,G/B.J@,M@A?ABF.II@/GB.@A?Q-/G-B.@A,?BC@F@L
K.@MC-E,-J?GB.JIJ/-II.L.J-B.@AIDIB?,@L0C.A?I?,-B?E.-
,?F.J- .AU?S?AV.A/.-AB-K/?BI
OV:BK

$ O3;CCH.5@N1F
*
$ Y\;CBK1F

!
$ U3;C9K1F5/K1

$ L`3;CBNK

$ L`_9NK5IK1F

$ B:_PE1F

!
!d01*2*+3 4+*,1.5*-6/789*+151%1:*;*+1$ 01*2*+3 $$$*$ 89*+<)
*dK9/+3;<*$1*4KIBE-JB+! UDNQRHA6KQE@ERK-HIETN/^.AK/N1R.S/HIRK-./@.1N1RE^Q.T@RK.1dUDNE--H/HIERKJNAKQQ.IHRK.1 @NT-N1REFNQ.S1K1N-./@.1N1RQK1 CN1FN1 bK1IKE1 RE^INRQK1 AKSNTN1RAKQQ.IH5
RK.1 Q.IJN1RQE1A RK/NQ+NTNANRNT/K1NA ^6L?B!7
*
E1A -IHQRNT/NRD.Ad>NQHIRQK1 RDKQN7@NTK/N1RQD.+NA RDERRDN-./@.1N1RQRDER@NE[ % E1A @NE[ ( !^EK-EIK1 TN@TNQN1RNA DEA
@..TQK/KIETKR6+KRD RDNTNSNTN1-N@NE[ * !@HNTETK1dUDNKTQK/KIETKR6SE-R.TQ+NTN^ .RD &) K1 +ERNTAKQQ.IHRK.1 /NAKEE1A ) E1A & K1
@L%d& AKQQ.IHRK.1 /NAKE$ TNQ@N-RKJNI6d<./@.1N1RQRDER@NE[QTN@TNQN1RNA DEA ^NRNTQK/KIETKR6+KRD RDNTNSNTN1-N@NE[ * !@HNTETK1
K1 .RDNT/NAKH/d:RKIHQRTERNA RDER-./@.1N1RQRDER@NE[ )$&$$# !^NT^NTK1N TN@TNQN1RNA DEA SHI6Q61-DT.1.HQAKQQ.IHRK.1 -DETE-RNT5
KQRK-Q+KRD RDNTNSNTN1-N@NE[ * !@HNTETK1$ -./@.1N1RQ@NE[ E1A 4 TN@TNQN1RNA DEA 1NETI6SHI6Q61-DT.1.HQAKQQ.IHRK.1 -DETE-RNTKQ5
RK-Q+KRD RDNTNSNTN1-N@NE[ * !@HNTETK1$ +DKIN-./@.1N1RQRDER@NE[ % E1A ( !^EK-EIK1 TN@TNQN1RNA DEA 1.Q61-DT.1.HQAKQQ.IHRK.1
-DETE-RNTKQRK-Q+KRD RDNTNSNTN1-N@NE[ * !@HNTETK1d
*\?D W@EFI+!CNFN1 bK1IKE1 RE^INRQ) QK/KIETKR6SE-R.TQ) -IHQRNTE1EI6QKQ) AKQQ.IHRK.1 -HTJNQ
F@.#(])^_PJYJ,,()&()

{|-0
!
}~~
#
0(4&&0
¬
)4
­¬
*)
r
*$&
n
*
o
!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! ! ! ! !
].Id)4$:QQHN!*)
YN-N/^NT$ *$&