摘 要 环境温度的变化影响植物的碳氮代谢过程，从而改变植物的生长发育。综述了小麦光合产物形成、叶片蔗糖合成、茎鞘中非结构碳水化合物合成与降解、籽粒淀粉合成的一般规律及其在不同温度条件下所发生的变化，指出了小麦灌浆期温度超过30 ℃后粒重和产量将会降低。小麦品质主要由胚乳中面筋蛋白的特性决定，从小麦籽粒蛋白质形成、含量、组分等方面分析了其与灌浆期温度的关系，根据面筋蛋白特性的变化，认为高温胁迫对小麦烘烤品质会产生不利影响。同时全球气候变暖可能加重小麦灌浆期的高温危害，提出了今后相关研究中将要出现的3个热点问题：1）CO2浓度升高和温度升高协同作用对小麦产量和品质的影响，2）小麦耐热性的生理机制及其栽培调控措施，3）筛选小麦耐热基因及选育耐热新品种。
Environmental temperature influences the carbon and nitrogen metabolis process and changes the growth rhythms of plants. Advances in photosynthetic rate, sucrose synthesis in leaves, nonstructural carbohydrates metabolism in sheath and stems, and starch synthesis rate in kernels of wheat and their responses to temperature were reviewed. It was concluded that kernel weight and yield would decrease when the temperature is above 30 ℃. Wheat quality is determined by the characteristics of gluten protein. We summarized some advances in protein formation, contents and components of wheat kernel and their relationships with temperature. According to the changes in gluten protein under different temperatures, the bake quality of wheat would become worse under heat stress. Global warming would enlarge the heat stress during the filling stage of wheat, and three suggestions were made for further research in this field: 1) studies on the co_influence of CO2 concentration and temperature evaluation on wheat yield and quality; 2) studies on the physiological mechanism of heat tolerance and planting regulation; 3) Identify the heat tolerant gene and breed heat tolerant cultivars.