摘 要 ：观察了温度对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂(Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang)存活和繁殖的影响,组建了18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃、30℃和33℃6种温度下的实验种群生命表白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的世代存活率为24℃＞27℃＞30℃＞21℃＞33℃＞18℃＞1℃.温度过高或过低对白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的存活和繁殖不利.24℃和27℃雌虫的怀卵量、产卵量和产卵百分率都显著高于其它温度处理.以抛物线方程y=a+bx+cx2拟合世代存活率(S)、种群趋势指数(I)、净生殖率(R0)和内禀增长力(rm),结果S、I、R0和rm均在24～27℃之间取得最大值,说明24℃～27℃是白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂存活和繁殖的最适温区.在24℃、27℃和30℃温度下,白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂的种群趋势指数I＞1,内禀增长力rm＞0,种群数量逐代增加,种群加倍时间分别为15、16和23d 21℃时I≈1,rm≈0,种群数量基本保持不变.18℃和33℃时I＜1,rm＜0,种群数量出现负增长.1℃雌蜂不产卵,不能繁殖后代.
Abstract:The development,survival and fecundity of experimental population of Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang were observed,and the life tables of the experimental population were constructed at 18,21,24,27,30 and 33℃.The generation survival rate of M.ericeri was in order of 24℃>27℃>30℃>21℃>33℃>18℃>15℃,indicating that excessively high or low temperature is unfavorable to the survival and fecundity,and that the ovum numbers,oviposition numbers and oviposition percentage of the female adult at 24℃ and 27℃ are higher than at other temperature.The relationship of temperature and the survival rate of generation (S),population trend index (I),net reproduction of population (R 0) and innate capacity of natural increase (rm) could be fitted by the parabola equation:y=a+bx+cx 2.S,I,R 0 and rm reached their peaks respectively in 24～27℃,suggesting that 24～27℃ is the most suitable temperature range of the development,survival and fecundity of M.ericeri.The population density increased gradually (I>1,rm>0),and the double time of population (t) was 15,16 and 23d respectively at 24,27 and 30℃.The population density kept stable (I≈1,rm≈0) at 21℃.The population increased negatively (I<1,rm<0) at 18℃ and 33℃,and M.ericeri could not reproduce its next generation at 15℃.