作 者 ：孙戈,张立*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：7079~7086
Keywords:reptile, snake, highway, Xishuangbanna,
摘 要 ：2007年12月至2008年12月，对小磨新路、小磨老路的云路制胶厂至曼粉段和附近的一条乡村公路对蛇类的影响进行了研究。通过Logistic回归模型探讨蛇类出现在公路上的地点与各种环境因子的关系；通过多元逐步线性回归模型探讨蛇类出现在公路上的时间与气候因子的关系。研究期间巡路52d，共记录到蛇类20只10种。结果显示：天然林边蛇上公路的概率显著低于农田和人工林；2d前的最高温越低，最大湿度越大，蛇上公路的概率越大。此外，在公路及附近区域总共记录到的14种蛇中，包括一些中国最稀有的种类，比如绿林蛇（Boiga cyanea）和金花蛇（Chrysopelea ornate）。
Abstract:The impact of highways on local snakes was examined on the new and old sections of Xiaomo Highway in Xishuangbanna between Yunlu Rubber Factory and Manfen and a rural road nearby. We cruised along the three roads in search of signs of live and dead snakes from December 2007 to December 2008. A total of 19 sites were founded with snakes alive or dead on the roads. At each location where snake was found we recorded information of the surrounding vegetation type, forest coverage and the distance to the nearest village. To compare to the background environment, we set 68 transect points at a 100m interval along the roads and recorded the same parameters. We also collected meteorological data including temperature, precipitation, and humidity of the day snake signs were found and of the three days prior to the survey date. Data collected from both the snake-present and background control sites were analyzed in a forward logistic regression model to identify key environment variables affecting the presence of snakes on roads. We then treated each survey day as a single sample unit, and summed up the number of snakes recorded on all three roads in a day as the dependent variable. A multivariate stepwise linear regression was applied to evaluate the correlation between the meteorological variables and the timing of snakes found on roads. A total of 20 individuals of 10 snake species were recorded on roads during this 52-day survey. The detection likelihood of snakes on roads with natural forest nearby was significantly lower than roads where roadside was the farmland or the rubber tree plantation. The primary meteorological factors leading to the presence of snakes on roads may be the lower maximal temperature and the higher maximal humidity two days prior to the survey date. It is evident that humidity and temperature plays important roles on the activeness of sub-tropical snakes, but not precipitation. The likelihood of snakes being crushed by cars varies among species, which may due to species′ differences in body size and behavioral patterns. At last, among the 14 species of snakes found there were some of the rarest species in China such as Boiga cyanea and Chrysopelea ornate. Our findings urged conservation measures including building culverts or pathways for wildlife along the Xiaomo Highway to reduce the road mortality of snakes and other reptiles such as Varanus salvator.
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