作 者 ：徐小圆；周玲玲*；王仲科；庄丽
期 刊 ：植物研究 2015年 35卷 6期 页码：883-890
关键词：簇枝补血草；花部特征；繁育系统；自交不亲和性；二态性；
Keywords:Limonium chrysocomum, floral features, breeding system, self-incompability, dimorphism,
摘 要 ：白花丹科被列为异型花柱较多的科，该文以补血草属簇枝补血草为材料，通过对野外居群的花部特征、花期物候和繁育系统等研究，探讨花部形态多态性及其对生殖的影响。簇枝补血草具有两种类型植株，具玉米状柱头和A型花粉的植株称为C型植株；具乳头状柱头和B型花粉的植株称为P型植株，且A/B型花粉的大小、外壁纹饰不同。单花发育过程中两型植株的花萼、雌蕊大小差异明显，随着花的成熟差异逐渐消失。两型植株都为雌蕊高于雄蕊，柱头探出式雌雄异位;C型植株的花期较P型植株长约2 d。一天当中，A型花粉活力高峰期为13:00，B型花粉在11:00和15:00都表现为高峰期；玉米状柱头可授性最强时期在13:00～15:00，乳头状柱头则在15:00。两型花粉可育性在盛花期最高，终花期时B型花粉可育性明显高于A型。荧光染色观察发现花粉萌发和花粉管的生长速度都为:异型授粉＞同型授粉，B型花粉在乳头状柱头上不能完成受精。此外，人工授粉实验也表明异型授粉结实率显著高于同型，P型植株经同型授粉结实现象并不明显，存在少量无融合生殖。研究表明簇枝补血草花部具二态性，繁育系统为兼性异交，其中乳头状柱头对A型花粉亲和，对B型花粉不亲和，但玉米状柱头却对A/B型花粉都亲和，这打破了该科的异型自交不亲和的例证。
Abstract:Plumbaginace is one of the family with more heterostyle plants. Using Limonium chrysocomum as materials, we studied the effects of style polymorphism on reproduction by investigating its floral traits, flowering phenology and breeding system. L.chrysocomum is distyly, which contains stigmas with polygonal cells and A type pollen(C plants) or stigmas with papillose cells and B type pollen(P plants), and the size and surface ornamenation of pollen are also dimorphic. During the development of flowering, the divergence of calyx and pistil reveals obsoletely, and then dribbles away in maturing. Existing the phenomenon of approach herkogamy, and C plants keep flowering 2 days longer. The fastigium of A type pollen viability comes at 13:00, while at both 11:00 and 15:00 shows a peak for B type pollen. The strongest cob stigma receptivity is at 13:00-15:00, and papillate stigma is at 15:00. The highest pollen fertility of L.chrysocomum is in the time of flowering-culmination, however in flowering-termination time the pollen fertility rate of B type pollen is far higher. By fluorescent staining, the speed of pollen germination and tube growth is in the order of heterotype>homotype, and the fertility process of B type pollen adhered to papillate stigmas can not be completed. By artificial pollination experiments, the seed-setting rate of heterotype is significantly higher than homotype, however, among homotype treatments the seed-setting rate of P plants is exiguous and having little apomixes. Actually, the researchs indicated that: L.chrysocomum was distyly and breeding system was facultative xenogamy. The cob stigmas were compatibility for A/B type pollen, while the papillate stigmas were compatibility for A type pollen, but incompatibility for B type pollen, which broke the self-incompatibility rule in plumbaginace.