作 者 ：罗华 李敏 胡大刚 宋红日 郝玉金 张连忠
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 4期 页码：955-964
Keywords:organic fertilizer, Feicheng peach, photosynthetic, aroma, fruit quality,
摘 要 ：为了探讨不同有机肥（牛粪、鸡粪、羊粪、猪粪、混粪）对肥城桃果实产量和品质的影响，为肥城桃的高产优质提供理论依据，通过连续3年处理，研究不同有机肥对白里肥城桃果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明，施用有机肥后，果实单果重与对照相比差异均不显著，但产量均显著提高。各有机肥处理都不同程度地提高了叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b及类胡萝卜素含量。所有处理的叶片净光合速率（Pn）日变化趋势均呈高—低—高—低的双峰曲线，峰值均在11：30和15：30时出现；其中11：30时为大峰，此时混粪处理的峰值最大，为21.5μmol/(m2﹒s)，15：30时为小峰，其中鸡粪处理的峰值最大，为18.6μmol/(m2﹒s)，对照的这两个峰值均低于各有机肥处理。鸡粪处理的果实硬度与对照相比显著提高；有机肥处理提高了果实的可溶生固形物（TSS）、固酸比（TSS/TA）和维生素C（Vc）含量；除猪粪处理外，其它处理的TSS含量与对照相比显著提高；羊粪、猪粪和混粪处理的TSS/TA值比对照分别提高了17.40%、7.14%和15.60%，差异显著；施入有机肥不但增加了香气的种类，还提高了香气物质的相对含量；各有机肥处理，C6醛类和醇类等青香型化合物的相对总量都低于对照，而果香型酯类和甜香型内酯类化合物的相对含量都高于对照，推测施入有机肥后，果实香气有由青香型转向果香型和甜香型的趋势。另外发现了肥城桃果实的特征香气成分，如酯类中的乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸己酯和丙酸甲酯，(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、(Z)-2-己烯-1-醇和(Z)-4-己烯-1-醇等C6醇，醛类中的(E)-2-己烯醛、2,4-己二烯醛等C6醛，还有苯甲醛。综合以上结果，施入各种有机肥均能提高果实的营养和香气品质，因此在生产中非常值得大力推广。
Abstract:An experiment was conducted for 3 continuous years to study the effects of different organic fertilizers (cattle manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, pig manure and mixed manure) on fruit yield and quality of Feicheng peach in order to provide the theoretical foundations for high yield and quality. The results show that compared with the CK, differences of the single fruit weight are not significant, while the yields are all increased significantly. Compared with the CK, contents of chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids are increased. The daily trend of Pn is high–low–high–low under the organic fertilizer treatments, the peaks are at 11：30 (higher peak) and 15：30(lower peak ), and are highest under the mixed manure treatment at 11：30, which is 21.5μmol/(m2﹒s), and under the chicken manure treatment at 15：30,which is 18.6μmol/(m2﹒s). The fruit firmness is increased significantly under the chicken manure treatment compared with CK. The nutritive indexes such as total soluble solids（TSS）, total soluble solids / titrable acids (TSS/TA) and vitamin C(Vc) , are increased under the organic fertilizer treatments, and the contents of TSS are increased significantly under all treatments except the pig manure. The contents of TSS/TA are increased significantly under the sheep manure, pig manure and mixed manure treatments, and by 17.40%, 7.14% and 15.60% respectively. The variety and contents of main aroma components are increased under all treatments. The relative contents of green note components are lower than those of the CK, while the fruity note and sweet note are higher than those of the CK, and these results indicate that aroma has the tendency of transforming from green note to fruity note and sweet note. Besides, the characteristic flavor compounds such as ethyl acetate, acetic acid, methyl formate, hexyl acetate and methyl propionate, 2-Hexen-1-ol and (Z)-4-Hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-Hexenal and 2,4-Hexadienal, and benzaldehyde are tested. Taken together, the nutrition and aroma quality are both improved under all organic fertilizers treatments, therefore the organic fertilizer application is strongly recommended in production of Feicheng peach.
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