作 者 ：李炜蔷,张逸,石健,侯丽丽,王磊,徐坤

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2016年 22卷 2期 页码：486-494

关键词：大葱；硅；矿质元素；产量；品质；

Keywords:Chinese spring onion, silicon, mineral elements, yield, quality,

摘 要 ：【目的】大葱因含有机硫化合物等功效成分而具有重要的保健和药用价值,为此,前人曾就氮、 磷、 钾、 硫等矿质元素与大葱产量、 品质及风味物质的关系进行了一些研究。硅作为一种公认的有益元素,在提高作物产量、 改善品质等方面具有重要作用,本试验研究了硅对大葱矿质元素吸收、 分配特性和产量及品质的影响,以期为大葱高效施肥提供科学依据。【方法】本研究以‘天光’和‘章丘’两个不同类型大葱品种为试材,供试硅源均为Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O,通过盆栽Hoagland营养液培养和大田土壤栽培相结合的方法,分别研究了营养液不同硅水平(SiO₂ 0、 0.6、 1.2、 1.8 mmol/L)和土壤不同施硅量(SiO₂ 0、 150、 300、 450 kg/hm²)对大葱生长、 产量、 品质及硅、 氮、 磷、 钾含量、 吸收量的影响。【结果】营养液硅水平在1.8 mmol/L范围内,‘天光’和‘章丘’两品种大葱株高、 假茎长、 假茎粗、 植株干重以及单株产量均随硅浓度升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均以1.2 mmol/L的处理表现最好,其单株产量分别较不施硅提高了19.4%和30.9%; 适量施硅还显著提高了大葱游离氨基酸、 可溶性糖、 丙酮酸等含量,表明施硅有利于改善大葱品质。随营养液硅水平的升高,两大葱品种各器官硅含量均显著增加,在1.8 mmol/L处理时达最高,而钾含量则与之相反,氮、 磷含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势,均以1.2 mmol/L处理含量较高; 由于施硅促进了大葱生长,所以大葱对硅及氮、 磷、 钾的吸收量则均随硅水平的升高呈增加趋势。大田施硅试验表明,‘天光’和‘章丘’两品种大葱均以施硅量(SiO₂)300 kg/hm²时产量较高,分别比对照增产15.4%和25.6%。【结论】大葱增施硅可显著增加大葱对硅及氮、 磷、 钾的吸收量,促进植株生长,提高产量和品质,但同一硅水平的增产率以‘章丘’品种显著高于‘天光’,且二者随硅水平变化的幅度也不相同,表明不同大葱品种对硅的反应敏感性存在显著差异。本试验条件下,以营养液硅水平1.2 mmol/L、 土壤施硅300 kg/hm²时较有利于大葱的生长及产量和品质的提高。

Abstract:【Objectives】Chinese spring onion has important health function and medicinal value because of its organic sulfur compound. For the reason, some research focused on the relationship between mineral elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, etc., and improving yield, quality and flavor substances of Chinese spring onions. As an accepted beneficial element, silicon plays an important role in improving crop yield and quality, but the response of Chinese spring onion to silicon was not reported. Therefore, in this experiment, effects of silicon on mineral element uptake and distribution, yield and quality of Chinese spring onions were studied for providing scientific basis for effective fertilization.【Methods】Under the condition of using Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O as silicon source, two varieties of Chinese spring onion, ‘Tianguang’ and ‘Zhangqiu’, were selected as materials to investigate the effects of different silicon levels of nutrient solution (SiO₂ 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mmol/L) and soil silicon fertilizers (SiO₂ 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg/hm²) on mineral element uptake and distribution, yield and quality by combining pot Hoagland nutrient solution culture and field cultivation. 【Results】The results show that the plant heights, cauloid lengths, cauloid diameters, dry weights and single plant yields of the two varieties are firstly increased and then decreased in the range of 0-1.8 mmol/L silicon. Among all treatments, the 1.2 mmol/L silicon treatment is the best, and the single plant yields of the two varieties are improved by 19.4% and 30.9% respectively compared with the control. Moreover, appropriate silicon also significantly increases the contents of free amino acids, soluble sugar, pyruvic acid of Chinese spring onions, which indicates that the Chinese spring onion quality could be enhanced by applying silicon. With the increase of silicon levels, the silicon contents in different organs of two varieties are increased significantly, and then reach the highest values under the 1.8 mmol/L silicon concentration, while the potassium contents is decreased. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents are increased firstly and then decreased, and their maximums occur under the 1.2 mmol/L silicon level. Because the application of silicon promotes the growth of Chinese spring onions, the uptake amounts of silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are raised with the increase of silicon levels. In the field experiment, under the treatment of supplying 300 kg/hm² silicon (SiO₂), the yields of ‘Tianguang’ and ‘Zhangqiu’ are the highest and are increased by 15.4% and 25.6% compared with the control. 【Conclusions】Adding silicon significantly increases the uptake amounts of silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of Chinese spring onions, promotes the plant growth, yield and quality. However, the yield increased rate of ‘Zhangqiu’ is significantly higher than that of ‘Tianguang’, and the changes of the two varieties with different silicon concentrations are different, indicating that different Chinese spring onion varieties had a significant differences in the sensitivity of silicon. In this experiment, the nutrient solution containing silicon 1.2 mmol/L or soil supplying 300 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer are optimal for improving the growth, yield and quality of Chinese spring onions.