作 者 ：于俊红 彭智平 黄继川 杨少海 徐培智
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 4期 页码：1044-1050
Keywords:amino acid, Chinese cabbage, yield, protein, nitrate, oxalate,
摘 要 ：【目的】氨基酸能被作物吸收利用，影响作物的养分吸收和品质形成。采用盆栽试验， 通过三种氨基酸组氨酸（His）、 甘氨酸（Gly）和甲硫氨酸（Met）喷施，研究三种氨基酸对菜心生长及品质的影响。【方法】试验设置六个浓度梯度为0、 50、 100、 200、 400、 800 mg/kg。氨基酸喷施时间为34叶期、 78叶期和抽苔期。喷施5天后测定株高、 倒4叶叶长、 叶宽等生长指标。收获期地上部测重，测定Vc含量、 可溶性糖含量、 蛋白质含量，离子色谱法测定硝酸盐和草酸含量。【结果】三种氨基酸对菜心生长、 产量、 地上部蛋白质、 硝酸盐和草酸的影响如下， 1） 50~400 mg/kg的组氨酸和甲硫氨酸有增产效果，其中喷施100 mg/kg甲硫氨酸菜心产量增幅最大，达17.3%，氨基酸高浓度（800 mg/kg）喷施时，产量下降。2）三种氨基酸处理的菜心地上部蛋白质含量明显升高，且氨基酸喷施浓度和蛋白质含量之间呈极显著正相关关系（r=0.4026）。3）菜心地上部硝酸盐含量随氨基酸喷施浓度的提高先下降后上升，其中喷施100 mg/kg的甘氨酸对降低菜心地上部硝酸盐含量的效果最显著，比对照降低30.7%； 喷施高浓度氨基酸（800 mg/kg）其硝酸盐含量反而比对照高。4）草酸在植物体中普遍存在会影响蔬菜的品质，喷施氨基酸后菜心地上部草酸含量均下降，甲硫氨酸处理与对照相比可降低54.5%~68.3%。【结论】50~200 mg/kg的组氨酸、 甘氨酸和甲硫氨酸喷施能在不同程度上促进菜心生长和增产，提高菜心地上部蛋白质含量，降低硝酸盐和草酸含量。该研究结果可为氨基酸在蔬菜生产上的应用，尤其是如何降低草酸含量、 提高蔬菜品质提供依据。
Abstract:【Objectives】Crops could absorb and use amino acids，which could influence the yield and quantity of crops. In this study, a pot culture experiment was carried out to determine the changes of yield and quantity of Chinese cabbage after the treatment of histidine, glycine and methionine 【Methods】Chinese cabbage was respectively sprayed by histidine, glycine and methionine solutions at 3-4 leaf stage, 7-8 leaf stage and bolting stage，and the sparaying concentration of each amino acid was composed of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg. At the 5th day after spraying, the height, the length of fall four foliage and blade width were measured to determine the influences of amino acids on the growth. At the harvest period, the weight, Vc content, soluble sugar content, protein content, nitrate and oxalate content of aboveground were measured to determine the influences of amino acids on the yield and quality.【Results】The effects of histidine, glycine and methionine on Chinese cabbage are concluded as the following: 1) Application of 100 mg/kg methionine solution increased significantly the yield of leaves by 17.3％, while in the treatment with 800 mg/kg histidine or glycine or methionine solution, the yields of leaves decreased. 2) The protein contents in aerial part increased after treatment, and there were positive correlations between the concentration of amino acid solution and protein contents（r=0.4026）. 3) With the increase of the concentration of amino acid solution, the nitrate content decreased and then increased, an decrease of 30.7％ was detected when 100 mg/kg glycine solution was supplied, but it was higher than control after the application of 800 mg/kg amino acid solution. 4) After the application of histidine, glycine and methionine solution, the oxalate content declined, and an decrease of 54.5%-68.3% was detected in methionine treatment. 【Conclusions】The application of 50-200 mg/kg histidine, glycine and methionine solution could improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. This study will provide a new approach in reducing oxalate content in vegetables, and supply scientific evidences for the application of amino acids in vegetable production.
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