以‘红星’苹果为试材,研究了1-MCP和DPA处理对冷藏苹果果实蜡质中酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:冷藏期间所有苹果蜡质中总酚和黄酮含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。1 μL·L-11-MCP和2 g·L-1DPA处理提高了蜡质中的总酚和类黄酮含量。各处理苹果蜡质的甲醇提取物能有效清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基。酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性之间显著正相关。
The effects of 1-MCP and DPA treatments on polyphenols, antioxidant activity of epicuticular wax of apple were studied. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in all the samples increased first and then decreased during the cold storage. 1μL·L-1 1-MCP and 2g·L-1 DPA treatments increased total phenolic compounds, flavoniods content, and DPPH·and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity in wax. Antioxidant activity was remarked positive correlated with polyphenols.
全 文 :园 艺 学 报 2008,35(8):1189—1192
Aeta f如niculturae Sinica
1一甲基环丙烯处理对冷藏红星苹果蜡质中酚类含
量及其抗氧化活性的影响
邵建萍,张元湖 ,梁雅芹,张士刚
(山东农业大学生命科学学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018)
摘 要:以 ‘红星’苹果为试材,研究了1一甲基环丙烯 (1一MCP)和二苯胺 (DPA)处理对冷藏苹
果果实蜡质中酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:冷藏期间所有苹果蜡质中总酚和黄酮含量均呈现
先升高后降低的变化趋势。1 IxL·L~1一MCP和 2 g·L DPA处理提高了蜡质中的总酚和类黄酮含量。各
处理苹果蜡质的甲醇提取物能有效清除 DPPH自由基和 ABTS 自由基。酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性之间显
著正相关。
关键词:苹果;1一甲基环丙烯;二苯胺;蜡质;酚类物质;抗氧化
中图分类号:S 661.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0513-353X (2008)08—1189-04
The Efects of 1-M CP Treatments on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant
Activity of Epicuticular W ax of ‘Starking’ Apples During Cold Storage
SHAO Jian·ping,ZHANG Yuan·hu ,LIANG Ya·qin,and ZHANG Shi·gang
(State Key Laboratory ofCrop Biology,Colege ofLife Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018
China)
Abstract:The effects of 1.MCP and DPA treatments on polyphenols,antioxidant activity of epicuticular
wax of apple were studied.Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in all samples increased first and then de.
creased during the cold storage. 1 L ·L 1·MCP and 2 g ·L DPA treatments increased total phenolic
compounds,flavoniods content,and DPPH ·and ABTS ·radical scavenging activity in wax.Antioxidant ac·
tivity was remarked positive correlated with polyphenols.
Key words:apple;1·MCP;DPA;wax;polyphenols;antioxidant activity
1一甲基环丙烯 (1.methylcyclopropene,1.MCP)作为乙烯作用抑制剂在苹果 (Saflner et a1.,
2004;王瑞庆 等,2005)、梨 (王文辉 等,2004)、鳄梨 (Jeong et a1.,2002)、杏 (Botondi et a1.,
2003)、油桃 (马书尚 等,2003)、草莓 (Jiang et a1.,2001)、荔枝 (胡位荣 等,2006)、香蕉
(Pathak et a1.,2003)等园艺产品上均发现能够显著降低乙烯释放量和呼吸速率,还能降低苹果中
仅一法尼烯及其氧化产物的含量并有效控制虎皮病的发生 (Fan et a1.,1999;Golding et a1.,1999;
Mitcham et a1.,2002;Apolo Arquiza,2005)。
DPA (Diphenylamine,二苯胺)是一种传统用于防治虎皮病发生的人工合成抗氧化剂。众多研究
表明,DPA可以抑制 仅一法尼烯的氧化,减少共轭三烯 (CTs)的产生 (Smock,1957;Huelin&
Coggiola,1970;Litle et a1.,1985)。但由于 DPA的安全性问题,1.MCP有可能成为 DPA的替代品
而用于防治虎皮病的发生。
蜡质是覆盖在苹果表面对外界的天然屏障。近年来的研究表明,酚类物质具有抗氧化,清除自由
收稿日期:2008—02一Ol;修回日期:2008—05—28
基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目
}通讯作者 Author for correspondence(E-mail:yyhzhang@sdau.edu.cn)
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园 艺 学 报 35卷
基等作用,研究发现,1.MCP处理的 ‘Granny Smith’苹果果皮水溶性和脂溶性提取物的抗氧化能力
高于对照 (Shaham et a1.,2003),但是否影响酚类物质,尤其蜡质层中酚类物质和抗氧化活性报道
较少 (李玲玲 等,2007)。本研究旨在研究 1 MCP和 DPA处理对红星苹果果实蜡质中酚类物质及抗
氧化活性的影响,为进一步探讨 1.MCP和 DPA防治虎皮病的机理提供依据。
1 材料与方法
供试苹果品种为 ‘红星’,购自泰安郊区果品市场,果实均为当天采收。
将苹果分成 3份,每份300个。其中一份为对照;另一份用 2 g·L 的 DPA浸泡处理30 S;另
一 份用 1 p.L·L 的1.MCP(罗门哈斯公司产品)处理,称取所需0.14%1.MCP粉剂的量,将待处理
的苹果放入密封的塑料桶,把装有 1 MCP粉剂的小烧杯放入桶中,用移液枪加入5 mL去离子水后立
即密封,在室温下放置12 h,然后取出苹果。两处理及对照均设3个重复。所有样品均放人果箱,于
0℃冷藏贮存。每2周取 1次样,各重复每次随机取 15个果实。按胡小松等 (2004)的方法,用单
面刀片轻轻刮下整个果面的蜡质,混匀,液氮研磨后 一80℃中保存备用。
取0.1 g蜡质加 10 mL 60%甲醇于55℃水浴提取 3 h,冷却后减压过滤,定容至 25 mL容量瓶
中,即为总酚提取液。分别测定多酚 (鞠志国,1989)、类黄酮 (孙希云 等,2004)含量以及清除
DPPH (二苯代苦味肼基)自由基 (Fabio et a1.,2004;Zhou&Yu,2004)和 ABTS [2,2’一连氮
基一双 (3一乙基并二氢噻唑 一6一磺酸)二铵盐] 自由基 (Nikolaos et a1.,2004)的能力。清除
DPPH自由基的能力用清除率表示,清除 ABTS 自由基的能力用 Trolox(6-hydroxy一2,5,7,8-tetram—
ethylchroman-2一carboxylic acid)的浓度表示,即相当于多大浓度的 Trolox清除能力 (Trolox为一种类
似于维生素 E的水溶性物质,可清除ABTS 自由基)。
2 结果与分析
2.1 I-MCP和 DPA处理对果实蜡质中酚类物质的影响
由图1可以看出,果实蜡质总酚和黄酮含量在贮藏的前4周逐渐增加,随后逐渐下降。1一MCP和
DPA处理显著提高了果实蜡质中总酚和类黄酮含量。贮至第4周时两处理总酚含量分别比同期对照
高32.5%和 11.2%;类黄酮含量分别比对照高 19.7%和8.0%。在贮至第 8周时,1一MCP和 DPA处
理的果实蜡质总酚含量分别比同期对照高21.8%和8.5%,类黄酮的含量分别高出28.9%和 13.0%。
0
金
E
0
咖1
如 若
蓦l
贮藏时间/week
Storage time
墨
囊
贮藏时Ih]/week
Storage time
图 1 1-MCP和DPA处理对总酚和类黄酮的影响
Fig. 1 The efect of 1-M CP and DPA treatment on total polyphenols and flavonoids
2 2 2 2 2 } 1 l
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8期 邵建萍等:1一甲基环丙烯处理对冷藏红星苹果蜡质中酚类含量及其抗氧化活性的影响
2.2 1-MCP和 DPA处理对果实蜡质甲醇提取物清除自由基能力的影响
由图2可知,1一MCP和 DPA处理果实蜡质的甲醇提取物与对照相比,有更高的清除 DPPH自由
基和ABTS 自由基的能力。所有样品清除 DPPH自由基和ABTS 自由基的能力都是先升高再降低,
到第 4周时清除能力达到最大值,此时 1一MCP和DPA处理样品对 DPPH自由基的清除能力分别比同
时期对照高出 15.8%和 5.8%,而对 ABTS 自由基的清除能力分别比同时期对照高出 27.1%和
9.1%。第4周以后所有样品清除自由基的能力开始下降。1一MCP和 DPA处理样品清除 DPPH自由基
和ABTS 自由基的能力在第 8周时分别比对照高出 10.4%、3.2%和21.9%、15.9%。
贮藏时间/week 贮藏时间/week
Storage time Storage time
图2 1-MCP和 DPA处理对抗氧化活性的影响
Fig.2 The efect of 1-MCP and DPA treatment on antioxidant activity
2.3 酚类物质与抗氧化活性的相关性分析
相关性分析表明,总酚含量和清除 DPPH自由基之间的相关性系数为0.954,与清除ABTS 自由
基之间的相关性系数为0.961;类黄酮含量与清除 DPPH自由基之间的相关性系数为 0.971,与清除
ABTS 自由基之间的相关性系数为0.968,均在0.01水平显著相关。
3 讨论
1一MCP是环丙烯类的小分子化合物,其 1位上的氢离子被一个甲基所取代,整个分子呈平面结
构,具有比乙烯更高的双键张力和化合能 (Sisler&Serek,1997)。在本试验中 1一MCP和 DPA处理的
果实蜡质具有更高的酚类物质含量和清除自由基的能力。而提高酚类物质含量的原因将是下一步研究
的内容之一。
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