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The Effects of Varieties, Additives and Harvest Periods on Alfalfa Silage

不同紫花苜蓿品种、添加剂、刈割时期对其青贮质量的影响



全 文 :!23" !5#
 Vol.23  No.5
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
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犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.05.023
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ZHAOYanmei1,ZHANGJiming1,XUQingfang1,ZHONGHua1,
WANGYongxin1,ZHUHuisen1,YUZhu2
(1.ColegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,ShanxiAgriculturalUniversity,Taigu,ShanxiProvince030801,China;
2.ColegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing100193,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Theeffectsofvarieties,sucroseorpreviousfermentedjuice,andharvestperiodsonthequality
ofalfalfasilagewerestudied.The11alfalfavarietieswith7harvestperiodswereplacedinsealedvacuum
plasticbagsaddingsucrose(2%)orpreviousfermentedjuice(0.2%)andensiledfor120days.Results
showedthatthesilagefermentationqualitiesof11alfalfavarietiesweresignificantlydifferent(犘<0.01).
ThepHvaluesofsilagesweresignificantlylowerintwoadditivetreatmentsincomparisonwithcontrol(犘
<0.01).Thesilageofhighqualitycouldbegotteninthefirstandsecondcutofbuddingperiod,podding
periodandthethirdcutbuddingperiod,especialyinbuddingperiod.Alfalfa‘Algonquin’and‘Arriba’
varietiesinthebuddingstageaddedsucrose(2%)orPFJ(0.2%)producedbetterqualitysilages.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Alfalfa;Silage;Varieties;Additives;Harvestperiods
EFGH
:20140804;IJGH:20141208
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Table1 Thesilagefermentationaveragequalitiesofdifferentalfalfavarietiesinsevenharvestperiods
GY
Varieties
pH
%Ç
AN/TN/%
wsLA
/%DM
+sAA
/%DM
)sPA
/%DM
ñs
BA/%DM
jk<±
Algonquin
4.95±0.38Bb 9.75±5.45EFef 2.86±1.89Aa 2.12±1.30CDc 0.71±0.89Bbc 0.17±0.17ABCbc
WL324
WL324
4.98±0.31Bb 9.48±7.11GHgh 2.23±1.90BCDbcd 2.15±1.26CDc 0.72±0.73Bbc 0.12±0.12Cc
WL323AY
WL323
5.00±0.32Bb 10.92±6.77Aa 2.57±2.55ABCabc 2.52±1.47BCb 1.31±1.85Aa 0.19±0.23ABCabc
WL232QH
WL232QH
5.10±0.42Aa 10.64±7.53Bb 2.99±2.32Aa 2.49±1.35BCDb 0.61±0.64Bbc 0.19±0.04ABCabc
+<1™
ZhongmuNO.1
4.97±0.35Bb 9.62±5.32FGfg 2.05±1.80CDcd 2.09±1.17Dc 0.67±0.79Bbc 0.22±0.36ABab
jgÆ
Arriba
4.98±0.37Bb 10.43±6.11Cc 2.59±1.87ABCabc 2.90±1.50Aa 1.01±1.59ABb 0.10±0.07Cc
ËÃÆ
Forerunner
5.08±0.41Aa 9.88±6.55DEde 2.55±2.22ABCabc 2.48±1.66BCDb 0.89±1.16ABbc 0.19±0.21ABCabc
Ÿ»&
Hunterriver
4.96±0.42Bb 10.71±6.00Bb 1.88±1.50Dd 2.67±1.69BCDb 0.95±1.28ABbc 0.25±0.30Aa
ò,Q
Alfagraze
4.99±0.35Bb 9.36±5.98Hh 2.13±2.08CDcd 2.51±1.88BCb 0.86±1.17ABbc 0.15±0.16ABCbc
 R
Sitel
4.97±0.37Bb 10.03±6.34Dd 2.29±1.94BCDbcd 2.40±1.71BCDb 0.96±1.28ABbc 0.13±0.11BCc
\@
Captain
4.87±0.31Cc 9.77±6.82EFef 2.73±2.03ABCab 2.43±1.29BCDb 0.58±0.72Bc 0.13±0.17BCb
  ò:XÄWXwéBCPóDo—r(犘<0.05),WX*éBCPóDo×r(犘<0.01),šX
Note:Differentsmallettersinthesamecolumnaresignificantdifference(犘<0.05),differentcapitallettersareextremelysignificant
difference(犘<0.01).Thesamesymbolisusedforaltables
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’ ‘jk<±’=‘jgÆ’8Ò~GY’“DM
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’、‘
ò,Q

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=

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(犘<0.01)。‘WL324’、‘WL323AY’、‘\@’
AshDoW—r,8Ò~GY’“Do×r(犘
<0.01)。
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…Y:;
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ƒ‰•#$ 1® Ê^XBJþó‘pH –×
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Table2 Theaveragecontentsofnutrientsinthesilagesofdifferentalfalfavarietieswith7harvestperiods %DM
GY
Varieties
Ü9ù
DM/%
èéê
CP/%DM
+gòóPI
NDF/%DM
sgòóPI
ADF/%DM
KkgÆK<@9
WSC/%DM
è³z
Ash/%DM
jk<±
Algonquin
39.01±8.91Ee  20.54±2.51Aa 45.86±5.94Cc 38.76±4.12Ef 1.70±0.77Jj 11.24±1.24Aa
WL324
WL324
42.23±10.98Bb 19.45±2.47Ff 46.39±6.92Bb 39.65±4.04Cd 1.84±0.84Hh 10.74±1.15CDEcde
WL323AY
WL323
40.64±11.51Cc 19.74±2.77Dd 43.70±3.19Gg 38.94±4.38Ef 2.25±1.68Cc 10.78±1.14CDEcde
WL232QH
WL232QH
39.91±10.40CDcd 18.97±2.77Gg 44.13±6.13Ff 42.01±8.55Aa 2.37±1.72Aa 10.71±1.06DEde
+<1™
ZhongmuNO.1
41.79±8.28Bb 19.60±2.54DEe 46.28±4.70Bb 39.73±3.27Cd 1.93±1.11EFef 10.39±1.23Ff
jgÆ
Arriba
39.30±8.18DEde 20.25±2.07BCc 47.21±5.93Aa 39.98±3.40BCbc 1.95±1.25Ee 10.90±1.25BCDbc
ËÃÆ
Forerunner
43.72±14.82Aa 19.51±2.36EFef 45.26±5.47Dd 39.84±4.52BCcd 2.11±1.25Dd 10.65±1.23Ee
Ÿ»&
Hunterriver
40.64±9.01Cc 19.73±2.65Dd 44.08±4.49Ff 40.12±3.40Bb 1.91±0.93FGf 10.87±1.08BCDbcd
ò,Q
Alfagraze
43.25±11.53Aa 19.71±2.58Dd 44.99±6.24Ee 39.70±4.30Cd 2.31±1.40Bb 10.95±1.30BCb
 R
Sitel
43.18±11.90Aa 20.16±2.68Cc 44.85±6.14Ee 39.30±4.46De 1.89±1.30Gg 11.01±1.14Bb
\@
Captain
39.96±8.44CDcd 20.35±2.32Bb 43.74±5.00Gg 39.33±4.40De 1.79±0.96Ii 10.76±1.17CDEcde
\3 ‡ˆuéEjk11¿ð„û7¿FG´H;<=>çèëT052VHð…
Table3 Averagefermentationqualitiesof11alfalfavarietieswithdifferentadditivesandsevenharvestperiods%DM
^X
Varieties
pH
%Ç
AN/TN/%
ws
LA/%DM
+s
AA/%DM
)s
PA/%DM
ñs
BA/%DM
K}
CK
5.21±0.35Aa 11.08±7.52Aa 1.90±1.65Cc 2.51±1.41Aa 1.04±1.26Aa 0.18±0.22Aa
ux
Sucrose
4.87±0.34Bb 7.94±4.53Bb 2.92±2.14Aa 2.33±1.72Bb 0.72±1.18Bb 0.17±0.25Aa
´Û@ïn
PFJ
4.87±0.35Bb 11.14±6.16Aa 2.51±2.15Bb 2.45±1.35ABa 0.76±1.04Bb 0.15±0.20Aa
  ò:´ Û@ïn(PFJ)
Note:previousfermentedjuice(PFJ)
\4 ‡ˆuéEjk11¿ð„û7¿FG´H;<=>çèëT0529:+…ø°
Table4 Theaveragenutrientcontentsofalfalfasilageswithdifferentadditivesandsevenharvestperiods %DM
^X
Varieties
Ü9ù
DM/%
èéê
CP/%DM
+gòóPI
NDF/%DM
sgòóPI
ADF/%DM
KkgÆK<@9
WSC/%DM
è³z
Ash/%DM
K}
CK
41.14±10.48Bb 19.85±2.74Bb 44.99±5.36Bb 39.86±4.19Bb 1.80±0.86Bb 10.98±1.21Bb
ux
Sucrose
41.80±10.48Aa 19.57±2.31Cc 44.71±6.20Cc 39.38±5.90Cc 2.85±1.59Aa 10.41±1.05Cc
´Û@ïn
PFJ
40.78±10.83Bc 20.04±2.56Aa 45.71±5.26Aa 40.03±3.65Aa 1.36±0.47Cc 11.07±1.21Aa
2.3 ‡ˆFGH;<=>çèëT0VHð…Y
:;
2.3.1 ‚decý„…†‡jk•¬ˆƒ‰ 
$!1ÍA}#=lu#Jþó‘pH DoW—
r

Ò~“#pH [Do×r (犘<0.01)。!1
ÍANÌëšÚ,LAÌëšì,ã¦A}#=‹o#。
!1͋o#=!2͋o#BPA8Ò~“#B
0601
!5# ’5$!:WX-oPADo×r (犘<0.01)。!1͋o#、!1 Ílu#、!3ÍA}#BBADoW—r。
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Table5 Theaveragefermentationqualitiesofalfalfasilagesbaggedindifferentharvestperiods %DM
ÜÇ#
Harvestperiods
pH
%Ç
AN/TN/%
ws
LA/%DM
+s
AA/%DM
)s
PA/%DM
ñs
BA/%DM
A}#
Budding
4.99±0.25BCbc 10.03±3.23Cc 1.64±1.21De 2.87±1.08Bb 0.69±1.05BCc 0.15±0.24ABbc
!1Í
Firstcut
‹o#
Earlyflowering
4.87±0.17Dd 10.97±2.29Bb 1.53±1.51CDe 3.97±1.31Aa 1.00±1.21Bb 0.16±0.21ABabc
lu#
Poddingperiod
4.99±0.25BCbc 6.70±2.32Ee 2.16±1.81Cd 1.65±0.79Cc 0.71±0.84BCc 0.16±0.29ABabc
A}#
Budding
4.97±0.22Cc 6.60±1.90Ee 2.54±1.57Cc 1.66±0.77Cc 0.68±1.00BCc 0.12±0.15Bc
!2Í
Secondcut
‹o#
Earlyflowering
5.28±0.59Aa 22.23±1.63Aa 0.90±1.60Cc 4.08±1.42Aa 1.62±1.58Aa 0.22±0.15Aa
lu#
Poddingperiod
4.77±0.22Ee 7.67±2.33Dd 4.64±1.05Ef 1.21±0.76Dd 0.60±1.26Cc 0.19±0.24ABab
!3Í
Thirdcut
A}#
Budding
5.02±0.46Bb 6.17±1.49Ff 3.67±2.09Bb 1.58±0.70Cc 0.59±0.69Cc 0.16±0.24ABabc
2.3.2 „…†‡jkphŠ‹²‰Œ’ (
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!1Í-oÅlu#

ÒDM,ADF,NDF,WSCÌëÿ!
ñ 

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!2Í-o‘A}# DM,CP,NDF,WSCÌëJ—ì¦
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Table6 Theaveragenutrientcontentsofalfalfasilagesindifferentharvestperiods %DM
ÜÇ#
Harvestperiods
Ü9ù
DM/%
èéê
CP/%DM
+gòóPI
NDF/%DM
sgòóPI
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Budding
30.99±1.92Ee 24.48±1.39Aa 37.39±3.86Gg 32.87±2.59Ee 1.53±0.49Ee 12.37±0.80Aa
!1Í
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‹o#
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39.98±2.70Dd 19.93±1.20Cd 41.86±3.34Ff 38.14±2.16Dd 1.76±0.75Dd 11.23±0.66Bc
lu#
Poddingperiod
50.02±7.51Aa 16.86±1.26Fg 47.16±4.46Cc 44.31±6.11Aa 2.44±1.48Bb 10.04±0.57Cd
A}#
Budding
46.29±6.07Cc 20.13±1.00Bb 46.10±4.31Dd 38.16±2.00Dd 2.30±1.18Cc 11.35±0.46Bb
!2Í
Secondcut
‹o#
Earlyflowering
28.86±2.33Ff 19.32±1.80De 43.92±2.09Ee 41.20±1.78Cc 1.07±0.19Gg 11.23±1.06Bc
lu#
Poddingperiod
39.68±5.35Dd 20.05±0.99Bc 47.47±2.03Bb 42.52±2.38Bb 1.50±075.Ff 10.09±0.79Cd
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Thirdcut
A}#
Budding
49.86±6.44Bb 17.98±1.03Ef 52.03±4.39Aa 41.12±2.76Cc 3.43±1.50Aa 9.42±0.73De
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