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A new triterpene from Ixeris chinensis

中华苦荬菜中的新三萜



全 文 :中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷 第 22 期 2015 年 11 月

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中华苦荬菜中的新三萜
王金兰,王 丹,李 军,赵 明,张树军
齐齐哈尔大学化学与化学工程学院,黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
摘 要:目的 研究中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis 全草的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化,
依据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 从中华苦荬菜全草中分离得到 9 个三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为 20α-过氧
羟基-3β-乌苏醇-21-烯(1)、3β,21α-二羟基羽扇豆-18-烯(2)、3β,25-二羟基-甘遂烷-7,23-二烯(3)、21α-羟基蒲公英甾醇-20(30)-
烯(4)、羽扇豆醇(5)、3β-乌苏醇(6)、3β-齐墩果醇-18-烯(7)、3β-齐墩果醇(8)、3β-乌苏醇-20-烯(9)。结论 化合物
1 为新化合物,命名为苦荬菜三萜醇;化合物 7 为首次从该植物中分离得到。
关键词:中华苦荬菜;三萜;苦荬菜三萜醇;羽扇豆醇;3β-齐墩果醇-18-烯
中图分类号:R284.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253 - 2670(2015)22 - 3304 - 06
DOI: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2015.22.003
A new triterpene from Ixeris chinensis
WANG Jin-lan, WANG Dan, LI Jun, ZHAO Ming, ZHANG Shu-jun
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of Ixeris chinensis. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and
purified by chromatography of silica gel column and HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Results Nine
triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 20α-peroxide-3β-uvaol-21-en (1), 3β,21α-dihydroxylupen-18-en (2), 3β,25-dihydroxy-
tirucalla-7,23-diene (3), 21α-hydroxy-taraxasterol-20(30)-en (4), lupeol (5), 3β-uvaol (6), 3β-oleanol-18-en (7), 3β-oleanol (8), and
3β-uvaol-20-en (9). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, named ixeritriterpenol, and compound 7 is isolated from I.
chinensis for the first time.
Key words: Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai; triterpene; ixeritriterpenol; lupeol; 3β-oleanol-18-en

中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nakai 又
名丝叶苦菜、苦荬菜等,民间常做野菜食用,系菊科
一至二年生草本植物,生于石质干山坡及沙质草地。
全草呈苦味,其根、茎、叶、花、果均可入药,具有
清热、解毒、消炎、凉血、止痛、消肿、抗肿瘤等功
效,用于治疗无名肿痛、腹腔脓肿、痢疾、阑尾炎、
肺炎、关节炎、解尼古丁中毒等症。前期关于其化
学成分的研究,已分离得到 chinensiolides A、B、C、
D、E、F、G 等倍半萜内酯及三萜类化合物[1-5]。为
进一步研究中华苦荬菜药用活性,本实验对新鲜中
华苦荬菜全草乙醇浸出液正己烷萃取物的化学成分
进行研究,从中分离得到 9 个三萜类化合物,分别鉴
定为 20α-过氧羟基-3β-乌苏醇-21-烯(20α-peroxide-
3β-uvaol-21-en,1)、3β,21α-二羟基羽扇豆-18-烯
(3β,21α-dihydroxylupen-18-en,2)、3β,25-二羟基-
甘遂烷 -7,23-二烯(3β,25-dihydroxy-tirucalla-7,23-
diene,3)、21α-羟基蒲公英甾醇-20(30)-烯 [21α-
hydroxy-taraxasterol-20(30)-en,4]、羽扇豆醇(lupeol,
5)、3β-乌苏醇(3β-uvaol,6)、3β-齐墩果醇-18-烯
(3β-oleanol-18-en,7)、3β-齐墩果醇(3β-oleanol,
8)、3β-乌苏醇-20-烯(3β-uvaol-20-en,9)。其中,
化合物 1 为 1 个新化合物,命名为苦荬菜三萜醇;
化合物 7 为首次从该植物中分离得到。
1 仪器与材料
X-6 显微熔点测定仪(北京泰克仪器有限公
司);Unity-plus-500 型核磁共振波谱仪(美国 Varian
公司);Model 341 polarimeter 旋光仪(美国 Perkin
Eimer 公司);MAT-95 型质谱仪(美国 Thermo

收稿日期:2015-07-26
基金项目:黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(B201205)
作者简介:王金兰,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为天然药物化学。E-mail: jinlwang@163.com
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Finnigan 公司);半制备高效液相色谱仪:HITACHI
L-7100 泵,HITACHI L-3350 示差折光检测器,GL
SCIRNCES Inc. Inertsil PREP-ODS Φ10 mm×250
mm 和 PREP-Sil Φ10 mm×250 mm 不锈钢柱;柱色
谱硅胶(200~300 目)为青岛海洋化工厂产品;薄
层色谱硅胶板为烟台化工厂生产。
新鲜中华苦荬菜全草,2013 年 5 月 21 日采于
齐齐哈尔大学校园内,经齐齐哈尔大学植物学教授
沙伟鉴定为中华苦荬菜 Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.)
Nakai。标本(IC-20130521)保存于齐齐哈尔大学
天然有机物研究室。
2 提取与分离
新鲜中华苦荬菜全草 2.1 kg,粉碎后每次用无
水乙醇 5.0 L 室温浸泡 3 d 后滤过,重复 4 次,合
并乙醇浸提液,浓缩至 200 mL 左右,加 300 mL
水混悬,依次用正己烷、醋酸乙酯和正丁醇分别萃
取 3 次,合并不同溶剂的萃取液,浓缩得正己烷萃
取物 12.5 g、醋酸乙酯萃取物 20.9 g、正丁醇萃取物
24.0 g。
正己烷萃取物 12.5 g 用硅胶柱色谱分离,依次
用正己烷-醋酸乙酯(8∶2、6∶4)和 100%醋酸乙
酯洗脱,依据 TLC 分析结果合并相同流分,得到 7
个部分 F1~F7。F3(3.8 g)用正相半制备 HPLC(流
动相为正己烷 -醋酸乙酯 65∶35,体积流量 5
mL/min)分离,得到 F3-1(tR=4.90 min,3.5 g)、
F3-2(tR=6.16~7.19 min,105.1 mg)、F3-3(tR=
10.17 min,40.3 mg)。
F3-2(105.1 mg)用正相半制备 HPLC(流动
相为正己烷-醋酸乙酯 8∶2,体积流量 5 mL/min)
分离纯化,得化合物 1(tR=18.66 min,10.4 mg)、
2(tR=13.34 min,5.8 mg)和 1 个混合组分 F3-2-3
(tR=15.95 min,9.0 mg)。将 F3-2-3 用反相半制备
HPLC(流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水 40∶50∶5,体积流
量 5 mL/min)分离纯化,得化合物 3(tR=13.50 min,
1.6 mg)、4(tR=14.30 min,4.9 mg)。
取 F3-1(178.3 mg)用反相半制备 HPLC(流
动相为 100%甲醇,体积流量 5 mL/min)分离,得
到 F3-1-1(tR=3~18 min,89.3 mg)、F3-1-2(tR=20.88
min,20.9 mg)、F3-1-3(tR=24.54 min,36.3 mg)、
F3-1-4(tR=26.82 min,31.8 mg)。F3-1-2 用正相半
制备 HPLC(流动相为正己烷-醋酸乙酯 8∶2,体积
流量 5 mL/min)分离纯化,得化合物 5(tR=8.12
min,14.8 mg);F3-1-4 用正相半制备 HPLC(流动
相为正己烷-醋酸乙酯 7∶3,体积流量 5 mL/min)
分离纯化,得化合物 6(tR=8.10 min,14.8 mg);
F3-1-3 用反相半制备 HPLC(流动相为甲醇-乙腈-
水 200∶100∶5,体积流量 5 mL/min)分离纯化,
得化合物 7(tR=43.53 min,5.6 mg)、8(tR=45.18
min,4.6 mg)、9(tR=47.92 min,9.3 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 1:无色透明片状晶体(EtOAc),mp
107~110 ℃;[α]20D +37.74° (c 0.800, CHCl3)。1H-NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3) 在 δ 0.76 (3H, s), 0.83 (3H, s),
0.88 (3H, s), 0.94 (3H, s), 0.96 (3H, s), 1.03 (3H, s),
1.17 (3H, s) 给出 7 个单峰的甲基,在 δ 1.22 (3H, d,
J = 6.5 Hz) 给出 1 个双峰的甲基,在 δ 5.67 (1H, d,
J = 9.8 Hz) 和5.43 (1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz) 给出2个与不
饱和碳相连的质子,在 δ 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.0
Hz) 给出 1 个连氧碳上的质子吸收,并在高场给出
多个亚甲基质子吸收;13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3)
给出 30 个碳的吸收信号,在 δ 145.0, 125.8 给出 1
组双键,而在 δ 83.3 和 79.0 给出 2 个连氧碳,表明
存在 1 个连氧的季碳。综合上述结果,推测可能是
在 19 或 20 位存在氧取代的乌苏烷型三萜。由
HMBC(图 1)可知,H-23、H-24 都与 C-3 相关,
表明 3 位有氧取代;又由于 H-30 与 C-19、C-20、
C-21 相关,H-28 与 C-22 相关,表明双键在 21、22
位上,20 位存在氧取代。通过以上结果推得化合物
1 可能为 3,20-二羟基-21-双键乌苏烷的三萜结构。
关于化合物 1 的立体结构,在进行 NOESY 实
验时,发现其结构发生了变化,通过正相半制备
HPLC(流动相为正己烷-醋酸乙酯 7∶3,体积流量
5 mL/min)分离,得化合物 10(tR=11.53 min,8.6
mg)、11(tR=33.48 min,0.9 mg)。进一步通过
1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMQC、HMBC 以及高分辨
质谱分析,确定化合物 10 和 11 的结构。化合物 10
的 NOESY 实验结果(图 1)表明,H-21、H-22 都
与 H-18 相关,H-22 与 H-28 相关,表明环氧环处于
α 位;H-29 与 H-13 及 H-27 相关,表明 29 位甲基
也处于 α 位。由于化合物 10 来源于化合物 1,将化
合物 1 用 CDCl3 溶解后不添加任何其他物质,常温
下就以很高的传化率(94.3%)生成了化合物 10 和
11,表明该化合物在 CDCl3 溶液中很不稳定。此外,
由于化合物 1 的 C-20 的化学位移值为 83.3,比普
通连氧碳偏向低场,因此推断化合物 1 的 20 位连
有过氧羟基,还由于化合物 10 的环氧环处于 α 位,
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷 第 22 期 2015 年 11 月

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HO
H
H
H H O
HO
H
H
H
H
OH
Cl
10 11
H
H
HO
H
H
H
OOH
H
1
3 5 7
9
11 13
15
17
19
20 21
23
25
27
29
30
1
Key HMBC Key NOESYH C H H
图 1 化合物 1、10、11 的结构及主要 HMBC 和 NOESY
Fig. 1 Structures of compounds 1, 10, and 11, and key HMBC and NOESY
推测应该是由同侧的过氧羟基氧化双键后脱水的结
果,因此确定化合物 1 的结构为 20α-过氧羟基-3β-
乌苏醇-21-烯。具体数据如下:1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 5.67 (1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz, H-22), 5.43 (1H, d,
J = 9.8 Hz, H-21), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.0 Hz,
H-3), 2.16 (1H, m, H-12), 1.86 (1H, m, H-19), 1.82
(1H, m, H-13), 1.72 (2H, m, H-15, 18), 1.68 (1H, m,
H-1), 1.60 (2H, m, H-2), 1.50 (3H, m, H-6, 16), 1.48
(1H, m, H-11), 1.39 (2H, m, H-7), 1.31 (1H, m, H-9),
1.28 (1H, m, H-11), 1.26 (2H, m, H-12, 16), 1.22 (3H,
d, J = 6.5 Hz, H-29), 1.17 (3H, s, H-30), 1.03 (3H, s,
H-26), 1.02 (1H, m, H-15), 0.96 (3H, s, H-23), 0.94
(3H, s, H-27), 0.88 (3H, s, H-28), 0.87 (1H, m, H-1),
0.83 (3H, s, H-25), 0.76 (3H, s, H-24), 0.69 (1H, dd,
J = 10.0, 2.0 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3)
δ: 145.0 (d, C-22), 125.8 (d, C-21), 83.3 (s, C-20),
79.0 (d, C-3), 55.1 (d, C-5), 49.5 (d, C-9), 44.2 (d,
C-18), 43.4 (s, C-14), 41.2 (s, C-8), 40.1 (d, C-19),
38.8 (s, C-4), 38.6 (t, C-1), 38.0 (d, C-13), 37.0 (s,
C-10), 36.9 (s, C-17), 36.1 (t, C-16), 34.2 (t, C-7),
28.0 (q, C-23), 27.8 (t, C-12), 27.4 (t, C-2), 26.5 (t,
C-15), 24.7 (q, C-30), 21.2 (t, C-11), 19.4 (q, C-28),
18.4 (t, C-6), 16.5 (q, C-29), 16.1 (q, C-25), 15.9 (q,
C-26), 15.4 (q, C-24), 15.1 (q, C-27)。
关于化合物 11,推测是由于在进行 NMR 测定
过程中使用了 CDCl3 作为溶剂,CDCl3 分解产生了
微量的 DCl,化合物 10 的环氧环与之发生加成反应
的结果。
化合物 2:无色透明片状晶体(EtOAc),mp
154~157 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.18
(1H, ddd, J = 6.0, 3.5, 2.0 Hz, H-21), 3.21 (1H, dd, J =
11.5, 5.0 Hz, H-3), 3.05 (1H, dq, J = 6.8, 6.8 Hz,
H-20), 2.63 (1H, dt, J = 12.0, 2.0 Hz, H-13), 1.95 (1H,
ddd, J = 12.0, 7.5, 3.3 Hz, H-12), 1.84 (1H, d, J = 6.0
Hz, H-22), 1.82 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz, H-22), 1.80 (1H,
brd, J = 4.0 Hz, H-16), 1.76 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 4.0 Hz,
H-1), 1.64 (1H, brt, J = 4.0 Hz, H-16), 1.63 (2H, m,
H-2), 1.56 (1H, m, H-11), 1.52 (1H, m, H-6), 1.48
(1H, m, H-7), 1.44 (1H, brd, J = 4.0 Hz, H-16), 1.40
(1H, m, H-6), 1.37 (1H, m, H-7), 1.32 (1H, m, H-11),
1.31 (1H, m, H-9), 1.15 (1H, m, H-12), 1.12 (3H, d,
J = 6.8 Hz, H-30), 1.10 (3H, s, H-26), 1.09 (1H, m,
H-15), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-29), 1.02 (3H, s,
H-28), 0.98 (1H, m, H-1), 0.97 (3H, s, H-23), 0.94
(3H, s, H-27), 0.88 (3H, s, H-25), 0.76 (3H, s, H-24),
0.70 (1H, m, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
150.0 (s, C-18), 135.7 (s, C-19), 91.5 (d, C-21), 79.0
(d, C-3), 55.3 (d, C-5), 50.8 (d, C-9), 47.5 (s, C-17),
44.6 (s, C-14), 44.1 (t, C-22), 41.0 (s, C-8), 40.2 (d,
C-13), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.8 (t, C-1), 37.2 (s, C-10), 36.9
(t, C-16), 35.0 (t, C-7), 28.0 (t, C-15), 27.9 (q, C-23),
27.4 (t, C-2), 26.5 (q, C-28), 25.7 (d, C-20), 23.8 (q,
C-30), 21.5 (t, C-12), 21.3 (t, C-11), 21.1 (q, C-29),
18.3 (t, C-6), 16.7 (q, C-25), 16.5 (q, C-26), 15.5 (q,
C-27), 15.4 (q, C-24)。以上数据与文献报道一致[5],
故鉴定化合物 2 为 3β,21α-二羟基羽扇豆-18-烯。
化合物 3:无色透明片状晶体(EtOAc),mp
122~125 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.68
(1H, ddd, J = 16.0, 7.8, 6.0 Hz, H-23), 5.52 (1H, brd,
J = 16.0 Hz, H-24), 5.26 (1H, dd, J = 6.0, 3.0 Hz,
H-7), 3.25 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 4.1 Hz, H-3), 2.22 (1H,
m, H-9), 2.20 (2H, m, H-22), 2.14 (1H, m, H-6), 1.98
(1H, m, H-6), 1.78 (3H, m, H-11, 12), 1.69 (1H, m,
H-1), 1.65 (2H, m, H-16), 1.62 (2H, m, H-2), 1.60
(1H, m, H-12), 1.48 (1H, m, H-17), 1.47 (2H, m,
H-15), 1.46 (1H, m, H-20), 1.34 (6H, s, H-26, 27),
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷 第 22 期 2015 年 11 月

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1.30 (1H, dd, J = 6.5, 2.5 Hz, H-5), 1.14 (1H, m, H-1),
0.97 (3H, s, H-29), 0.96 (3H, s, H-28), 0.87 (3H, d, J =
7.0 Hz, H-21), 0.86 (3H, s, H-30), 0.82 (3H, s, H-18),
0.74 (3H, s, H-19);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
145.7 (s, C-8), 134.4 (d, C-24), 130.8 (d, C-23), 117.9
(d, C-7), 82.3 (s, C-25), 79.3 (d, C-3), 52.7 (d, C-17),
51.1 (s, C-13), 50.6 (d, C-5), 48.9 (d, C-9), 43.6 (s,
C-14), 39.2 (t, C-22), 39.0 (s, C-4), 37.2 (t, C-1), 36.4
(d, C-20), 34.9 (s, C-10), 34.0 (t, C-15), 33.7 (t, C-12),
28.1 (t, C-2), 27.7 (t, C-16), 27.6 (q, C-28), 27.2 (q,
C-30), 24.4 (q, C-26), 24.3 (q, C-27), 23.9 (t, C-6),
22.0 (q, C-18), 18.5 (q, C-21), 18.1 (t, C-11), 14.7 (q,
C-29), 13.1 (q, C-19)。以上数据与文献报道一致[5],
故鉴定化合物 3 为 3β,25-二羟基-甘遂烷-7,23-二烯。
化合物 4:无色透明片状晶体(EtOAc),mp
153~155.5 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.12
(2H, s, H-30), 4.58 (1H, dd, J = 9.5, 4.7 Hz, H-21),
3.20 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 5.2 Hz, H-3), 2.17 (1H, dq, J =
7.2, 7.0 Hz, H-19), 1.94 (1H, dd, J = 14.7, 10.0 Hz,
H-22), 1.71 (1H, dt, J = 13.5, 3.6 Hz, H-1), 1.63 (2H,
m, H-2, 12), 1.58 (2H, m, H-2, 11), 1.53 (1H, m,
H-13), 1.50 (1H, m, H-6), 1.44 (1H, m, H-15), 1.38
(2H, m, H-7), 1.34 (2H, m, H-6, 11), 1.30 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.25 (1H, m, H-16), 1.18 (2H, m, H-15, 22),
1.17 (1H, m, H-16), 1.16 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-29),
1.08 (1H, dd, J = 10.5, 7.2 Hz, H-18), 1.01 (3H, s,
H-26), 0.97 (3H, s, H-23), 0.94 (1H, m, H-12), 0.93
(3H, s, H-27), 0.92 (1H, m, H-1), 0.85 (3H, s, H-25),
0.81 (3H, s, H-28), 0.76 (3H, s, H-24), 0.69 (1H, brd,
J = 9.3 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
149.9 (s, C-20), 117.8 (t, C-30), 85.1 (d, C-21), 79.0
(d, C-3), 55.3 (d, C-5), 50.4 (d, C-9), 47.7 (d, C-18),
44.0 (t, C-22), 42.1 (s, C-14), 40.9 (s, C-8), 39.1 (d,
C-13), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.7 (t, C-1), 37.9 (d, C-19), 37.6
(t, C-16), 37.1 (s, C-10), 34.0 (t, C-7), 33.9 (s, C-17),
27.8 (q, C-23), 27.5 (q, C-29), 27.4 (t, C-2), 26.4 (t,
C-15), 26.2 (t, C-12), 21.4 (t, C-11), 18.7 (q, C-28),
18.3 (t, C-6), 16.3 (q, C-25), 15.9 (q, C-26), 15.4 (q,
C-24), 14.7 (q, C-27)。以上数据与文献报道一致[5],
故鉴定化合物 4为 21α-羟基-蒲公英甾醇-20(30)-烯。
化合物 5:无色透明晶体(EtOAc),mp 201.5~
204 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.68 (1H, d,
J = 2.4 Hz, H-29), 4.56 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 1.2 Hz,
H-29), 3.19 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.0 Hz, H-3), 2.37 (1H,
ddd, J = 12.0, 11.0, 6.0 Hz, H-19), 1.92 (1H, m, H-12),
1.68 (3H, H-30), 1.65 (3H, m, H-11, 15), 1.63 (1H, m,
H-1), 1.59 (1H, m, H-2), 1.58 (1H, m, H-13), 1.51
(1H, m, H-6), 1.46 (1H, m, H-16), 1.38 (2H, m, H-7),
1.37 (1H, m, H-16), 1.36 (2H, m, H-6, 22), 1.34 (2H,
m, H-18, 21), 1.30 (1H, m, H-12), 1.27 (1H, m, H-21),
1.26 (1H, m, H-9), 1.19 (1H, m, H-22), 1.06 (1H, m,
H-11), 1.03 (3H, s, H-26), 0.97 (3H, s, H-23), 0.94
(3H, s, H-27), 0.90 (1H, m, H-1), 0.83 (3H, s, H-25),
0.78 (3H, s, H-28), 0.76 (3H, s, H-24), 0.69 (1H, brd,
J = 10.5 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
151.0 (s, C-20), 109.3 (t, C-29), 79.0 (d, C-3), 55.3 (d,
C-5), 50.4 (d, C-9), 48.3 (d, C-18), 47.8 (d, C-19),
43.0 (s, C-17), 42.8 (s, C-14), 40.8 (s, C-8), 40.0 (t,
C-22), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.7 (t, C-1), 38.0 (t, C-13), 37.2
(s, C-10), 35.6 (t, C-16), 34.3 (t, C-7), 29.8 (t, C-21),
28.0 (q, C-23), 27.5 (t, C-15), 27.4 (t, C-2), 25.1 (t,
C-12), 20.9 (t, C-11), 19.3 (q, C-30), 18.3 (t, C-6),
18.0 (q, C-28), 16.1 (q, C-25), 16.0 (q, C-26), 15.4 (q,
C-24), 14.5 (q, C-27)。以上数据与文献报道一致[6],
故鉴定化合物 5 为羽扇豆醇。
化合物 6:无色透明针状晶体(EtOAc),mp
179~181 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.12
(1H, dd, J = 3.7, 3.5 Hz, H-12), 3.22 (1H, dd, J = 11.0,
5.1 Hz, H-3), 2.00 (1H, ddd, J = 14.0, 13.0, 4.5 Hz,
H-15), 1.90 (2H, m, H-11), 1.83 (1H, m, H-16), 1.66
(1H, m, H-1), 1.60 (1H, m, H-2), 1.54 (1H, m, H-6),
1.53 (1H, m, H-7), 1.52 (1H, m, H-9), 1.44 (1H, m,
H-6), 1.41 (1H, m, H-22), 1.38 (1H, m, H-21), 1.31
(1H, m, H-7), 1.30 (1H, m, H-18), 1.28 (1H, m, H-19),
1.27 (1H, m, H-22), 1.25 (1H, m, H-21), 1.07 (3H, s,
H-27), 1.02 (1H, m, H-1), 1.01 (3H, s, H-26), 0.99
(3H, s, H-23), 0.98 (1H, m, H-16), 0.95 (3H, s, H-25),
0.92 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-30), 0.89 (1H, m, H-15),
0.86 (1H, m, H-20), 0.80 (3H, s, H-24), 0.79 (3H, s,
H-28), 0.78 (3H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, H-29), 0.73 (1H, brd,
J = 11.0 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ:
139.6 (s, C-13), 124.4 (d, C-12), 79.0 (d, C-3), 59.1 (d,
C-18), 55.2 (d, C-5), 47.7 (d, C-9), 42.0 (s, C-14), 41.5
(t, C-22), 40.0 (s, C-8), 39.7 (d, C-19), 39.6 (d, C-20),
38.8 (s, C-4), 38.7 (t, C-1), 36.9 (s, C-10), 33.8 (s,
C-17), 32.9 (t, C-7), 31.3 (t, C-21), 28.8 (t, C-15), 28.1
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷 第 22 期 2015 年 11 月

·3308·
(q, C-23, 28), 26.6 (t, C-2, 16), 23.4 (t, C-11), 23.3 (q,
C-27), 21.4 (q, C-30), 18.4 (t, C-6), 17.5 (q, C-29),
16.9 (q, C-26), 15.7 (q, C-25), 15.6 (q, C-24)。以上数
据与文献报道一致[7],故鉴定化合物6为3β-乌苏醇。
化合物 7:无色透明针状晶体(EtOAc),mp
175~178 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.85
(1H, s, H-19), 3.21 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.0 Hz, H-3),
2.26 (1H, ddd, J = 12.0, 3.5, 1.5 Hz, H-13), 1.79 (1H,
ddd, J = 14.0, 13.0, 4.9 Hz, H-15), 1.74 (1H, dt, J =
13.0, 3.7 Hz, H-1), 1.62 (2H, m, H-2), 1.54 (1H, m,
H-11), 1.50 (1H, m, H-6), 1.47 (1H, m, H-7), 1.46
(1H, m, H-12), 1.43 (1H, m, H-21), 1.40 (2H, m,
H-22), 1.35 (1H, m, H-6), 1.32 (3H, m, H-7, 16), 1.28
(1H, m, H-21), 1.26 (1H, m, H-11), 1.25 (1H, m, H-9),
1.10 (1H, m, H-12), 1.08 (3H, s, H-26), 1.07 (1H, m,
H-15), 1.02 (3H, s, H-28), 0.97 (3H, s, H-23), 0.94
(6H, s, H-29, 30), 0.92 (1H, m, H-1), 0.88 (3H, s,
H-25), 0.77 (3H, s, H-24), 0.74 (3H, s, H-27), 0.70
(1H, dd, J = 11.5, 2.0 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 142.7 (s, C-18), 129.7 (d, C-19), 79.0 (d,
C-3), 55.3 (d, C-5), 51.2 (d, C-9), 43.3 (s, C-14), 40.7
(s, C-8), 39.0 (d, C-13), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.4 (t, C-1),
37.7 (t, C-16), 37.4 (t, C-22), 37.2 (s, C-10), 34.6 (t,
C-7), 34.3 (s, C-17), 33.3 (t, C-21), 32.4 (s, C-20),
31.3 (q, C-29), 29.2 (q, C-30), 28.0 (q, C-23), 27.5 (t,
C-15), 27.4 (t, C-2), 26.2 (t, C-12), 25.3 (q, C-28),
21.1 (t, C-11), 18.3 (t, C-6), 16.7 (q, C-26), 16.1 (q,
C-25), 15.4 (q, C-24), 14.6 (q, C-27)。以上数据与文献
报道一致[8],故鉴定化合物 7 为 3β-齐墩果醇-18-烯。
化合物 8:无色透明针状晶体(EtOAc),mp
193.5~195 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.18
(1H, t, J = 3.5 Hz, H-12), 3.22 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 4.7
Hz, H-3), 1.99 (1H, m, H-22), 1.93 (1H, dd, J = 15.0,
4.5 Hz, H-18), 1.86 (2H, m, H-11), 1.77 (1H, m,
H-15), 1.67 (1H, d, J = 13.5, Hz, H-19), 1.63 (2H, m,
H-2), 1.61 (1H, m, H-1), 1.56 (1H, m, H-6), 1.54 (1H,
m, H-9), 1.51 (1H, m, H-7), 1.44 (1H, m, H-6), 1.42
(1H, dt, J = 14.0, 4.5 Hz, H-16), 1.32 (1H, m, H-21),
1.31 (1H, m, H-7), 1.32 (3H, m, H-7, 16), 1.22 (1H,
dt, J = 14.0, 4.5 Hz, H-16), 1.12 (3H, s, H-27), 1.10
(1H, m, H-21), 1.01 (1H, m, H-19), 1.00 (3H, s,
H-24), 0.97 (3H, s, H-26), 0.95 (1H, m, H-15), 0.94
(1H, m, H-1), 0.93 (3H, s, H-25), 0.87 (6H, s, H-29,
30), 0.83 (3H, s, H-28), 0.82 (1H, m, H-22), 0.79 (3H,
s, H-23), 0.74 (1H, dd, J = 10.0, 1.5 Hz, H-5);
13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 145.2 (s, C-13), 121.7
(d, C-12), 79.0 (d, C-3), 55.2 (d, C-5), 47.6 (d, C-9),
47.2 (d, C-18), 46.8 (t, C-19), 41.7 (s, C-14), 39.8 (s,
C-8), 38.8 (s, C-4), 38.6 (t, C-1), 37.1 (t, C-22), 37.0
(s, C-10), 34.7 (t, C-21), 33.3 (q, C-29), 32.7 (t, C-7),
32.5 (s, C-17), 31.1 (s, C-20), 28.4 (q, C-28), 28.1 (q,
C-23), 27.2 (t, C-2), 26.9 (t, C-16), 26.2 (t, C-15), 26.0
(q, C-27), 23.7 (q, C-30), 23.5 (t, C-11), 18.4 (t, C-6),
16.8 (q, C-26), 15.6 (q, C-25), 15.5 (q, C-24)。以上数据
与文献报道一致[9],故鉴定化合物 8 为 3β-齐墩果醇。
化合物 9:无色透明针状晶体(EtOAc),mp
160~162 ℃。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.26 (H,
brd, J = 6.8 Hz, H-21), 3.21 (1H, dd, J = 11.0, 5.0 Hz,
H-3), 1.73 (1H, m, H-15), 1.71 (1H, m, H-1), 1.70
(1H, m, H-22), 1.63 (3H, s, H-30), 1.62 (1H, m, H-2),
1.60 (1H, m, H-13), 1.56 (2H, m, H-2, 19), 1.53 (1H,
m, H-6), 1.52 (2H, m, H-11, 22), 1.39 (2H, m, H-7),
1.38 (1H, m, H-6), 1.30 (1H, m, H-16), 1.28 (1H, m,
H-9), 1.26 (1H, m, H-11), 1.22 (2H, m, H-12), 1.20
(1H, m, H-16), 1.04 (3H, s, H-26), 1.02 (1H, m,
H-18), 0.98 (3H, s, H-29), 0.97 (3H, s, H-24), 0.95
(3H, s, H-27), 0.94 (1H, m, H-1), 0.93 (1H, m, H-15),
0.85 (3H, s, H-25), 0.77 (3H, s, H-23), 0.73 (3H, s,
H-28), 0.70 (1H, d, J = 10.0 Hz, H-5);13C-NMR (125
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 139.8 (s, C-20), 118.9 (d, C-21), 79.0
(d, C-3), 55.3 (d, C-5), 50.4 (d, C-9), 48.7 (d, C-18),
42.3 (s, C-14), 42.2 (t, C-22), 41.1 (s, C-8), 39.2 (d,
C-13), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.8 (t, C-1), 37.1 (s, C-10), 36.7
(t, C-16), 36.3 (d, C-19), 34.4 (s, C-17), 34.2 (t, C-7),
28.0 (q, C-23), 27.6 (t, C-12), 27.4 (t, C-2), 27.0 (t,
C-15), 22.6 (q, C-29), 21.6 (t, C-11, q, C-30), 18.3 (t,
C-6), 17.7 (q, C-28), 16.3 (q, C-25), 16.1 (q, C-26),
15.4 (q, C-24), 14.7 (q, C-27)。以上数据与文献报
道一致[10],故鉴定化合物 9 为 3β-乌苏醇-20-烯。
化合物 10:无色透明片状晶体(CHCl3),mp
218.5~220 ℃;[α]20D +60.16° (c 0.246, CHCl3);
HR-EI-MS m/z: 440.365 7 [M]+ ,给出分子式
C30H48O2(理论值 440.365 4)。1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 5.05 (1H, s, H-30), 4.87 (1H, s, H-30), 3.47
(1H, d, J = 4.6 Hz, H-21), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 11.5, 5.0
Hz, H-3), 2.91 (1H, d, J = 4.6 Hz, H-22), 2.00 (1H, dq,
中草药 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 第 46 卷 第 22 期 2015 年 11 月

·3309·
J = 7.0, 7.0 Hz, H-19), 1.78 (1H, dt, J = 14.0, 4.0 Hz,
H-12), 1.72 (1H, m, H-15), 1.70 (1H, m, H-1), 1.64
(1H, m, H-13), 1.62 (1H, m, H-2), 1.54 (3H, m, H-2,
6, 12), 1.40 (1H, m, H-6), 1.39 (1H, m, H-18), 1.38
(2H, m, H-7), 1.29 (1H, m, H-9), 1.28 (2H, m, H-11),
1.24 (1H, ddd, J = 14.0, 12.0, 4.0 Hz, H-16), 1.16 (1H,
ddd, J = 12.0, 12.0, 4.0 Hz, H-12), 1.07 (1H, m,
H-15), 1.05 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-29), 1.03 (3H, s,
H-26), 0.97 (3H, s, H-23), 0.95 (3H, s, H-27), 0.93
1H, m, H-1), 0.84 (3H, s, H-25), 0.81 (3H, s, H-28),
0.76 (3H, s, H-24), 0.69 (1H, m, H-5);13C-NMR (125
MHz, CDCl3) δ: 151.4 (s, C-20), 112.0 (t, C-30), 79.0
(d, C-3), 64.0 (d, C-22), 56.0 (d, C-21), 55.3 (d, C-5),
50.4 (d, C-9), 42.3 (s, C-14), 42.2 (d, C-18), 41.0 (s,
C-8), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.7 (t, C-1), 37.9 (t, C-13), 37.1
(s, C-10), 36.3 (s, C-17), 36.2 (d, C-19), 34.1 (t, C-7),
33.6 (t, C-16), 28.0 (q, C-23), 27.4 (t, C-2), 27.2 (q,
C-29), 26.5 (t, C-15), 26.2 (t, C-12), 21.4 (t, C-11),
18.3 (t, C-6), 16.2 (q, C-25), 16.0 (q, C-26), 15.4 (q,
C-24), 15.1 (q, C-28), 14.8 (q, C-27)。
化合物 11:无色透明片状(CHCl3),mp 113~
116 ℃;[α]20D +27.41° (c 0.062, CHCl3);HR-EI-MS
m/z: 476.342 0 [M]+,给出分子式 C30H49ClO2(理论
值 476.342 1)。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.23
(1H, dd, J = 2.0, 1.2 Hz, H-30), 4.93 (1H, s, H-30),
4.52 (1H, ddd, J = 5.4, 2.2, 2.0 Hz, H-21), 3.53 (1H, d,
J = 5.4 Hz, H-22), 3.20 (1H, dd, J = 12.0, 5.0 Hz,
H-3), 2.32 (1H, dq, J = 6.8, 6.8 Hz, H-19), 1.91 (1H,
ddd, J = 14.0, 13.0, 4.2 Hz, H-16), 1.71 (1H, m, H-1),
1.69 (1H, m, H-13), 1.68 (1H, m, H-15), 1.62 (1H, m,
H-2), 1.55 (1H, m, H-2), 1.54 (2H, m, H-6, 12), 1.40
(1H, m, H-6), 1.39 (1H, m, H-18), 1.38 (2H, m, H-7),
1.30 (1H, m, H-9), 1.27 (2H, m, H-11), 1.16 (1H, m,
H-12), 1.10 (3H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-29), 1.04 (1H, m,
H-16), 1.02 (3H, s, H-26), 1.00 (1H, m, H-15), 0.97
(3H, s, H-23), 0.95 (3H, s, H-27), 0.93 (1H, m, H-1),
0.91 (3H, s, H-28), 0.85 (3H, s, H-25), 0.77 (3H, s,
H-24), 0.70 (1H, m, H-5); 13C-NMR (125 MHz,
CDCl3) δ: 150.2 (s, C-20), 109.3 (t, C-30), 86.1 (d,
C-21), 79.0 (d, C-3), 66.4 (d, C-22), 55.3 (d, C-5),
50.3 (d, C-9), 42.0 (d, C-18), 41.7 (s, C-14), 41.1 (s,
C-8), 40.9 (d, C-19), 39.6 (d, C-13), 38.9 (s, C-4), 38.8
(t, C-1), 37.1 (s, C-10), 34.1 (t, C-7), 30.0 (t, C-16),
29.7 (t, C-12), 28.0 (q, C-23), 27.4 (t, C-2), 26.9 (s,
C-17), 25.0 (t, C-15), 24.9 (q, C-29), 21.4 (t, C-11),
20.4 (q, C-28), 18.3 (t, C-6), 16.3 (q, C-25), 15.8 (q,
C-26), 15.4 (q, C-24), 14.8 (q, C-27)。
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